| RMSE | root mean square error |
| RRMSE | relative RMSE |
| AND | accumulated nitrogen deficit |
| NBI | nitrogen balance index |
| Flav | flavonoid |
| Chl | chlorophyll |
| TI | tillering |
| SE | stem elongation |
| PI | panicle initiation |
| BT | booting |
| HD | heading |
| GF | grain filling |
| NNI | nitrogen nutrition index |
| NSI | nitrogen sufficiency index |
| RAGDD | calculation of Relative Accumulated Growing Degree Days |