Skip to main content
. 2020 Jan 6;25(1):223. doi: 10.3390/molecules25010223

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Hierarchical levels of the coconut fruit with illustrations of the important parameters of each level. (A) Photograph of an entire fruit cut in half in a longitudinal direction. (B) Computer tomography (CT)-reconstruction of an endocarp sample (scan resolution: 42 µm). (C) Light microscopy (LM) image of a polished thin section of the endocarp showing the cross section of a vascular bundle in the sclereid cell matrix. (D) SEM micrograph of a fractured endocarp surface showing details of the sclereid cell matrix. Table 1 provides the corresponding morphological parameters. H0–H7: Eight hierarchical levels; cl: Cell lumen, cw: Cell wall, cwl: Cell wall layers, en: Endocarp, ex: Exocarp, me: Mesocarp, p: Pits, s: Seed, sc: Sclereids, scm: Sclereid matrix, t: Tracheids, vb: Vascular bundles.