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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2019 Aug 16;140(2):327–337.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.033

Table 6.

Association of financial and home environment stressors with overall survival in univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Censored Died Univariable Multivariable models1
Factor (n=1607) n (%) (n=576) n (%) Hazard ratio (95% CI) p Hazard ratio (95% CI) p
Financial hardship n = 1973 n = 1556
0 164 (82) 35 (18) 1 - 1 -
1 323 (72) 123 (28) 1.59 (1.04, 2.41) 0.03 1.26 (0.82, 1.91) 0.29
 >1 976(73) 352 (27) 1.42 (0.97, 2.10) 0.07 1.22 (0.83, 1.81) 0.31
Housing problems n = 2060 n = 1621
0 1164(75) 390 (25) 1 - 1 -
 1 164 (76) 51 (24) 0.91 (1.00, 1.22) 0.54 1.21 (0.87, 1.68) 0.30
 >1 193 (66) 98 (34) 1.25 (1.00, 1.56) 0.05 1.09 (0.84, 1.42) 0.52
Negative life events n = 2092 n = 1646
 0 1055 (72) 392 (27) 1 - 1 -
 1 332(75) 112 (25) 0.94 (0.76, 1.16) 0.59 1.00 (0.79, 1.28) 0.97
 >1 159(79) 42 921) 0.73 (0.53, 1.01) 0.06 0.84 (0.58, 1.22) 0.36
Hx depression/ anxiety n = 2070 n = 1629
 No 1165 (73) 428 (27) 1 - 1 -
 Yes 366(77) 111 (23) 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) 0.11 0.84 (0.65, 1.07) 0.16
Norbeck social support scale n = 2081 n = 1633
 Score - - 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) 0.32 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) 0.40
Internal HLOC n = 2090 n = 1604
 Low 420 (75) 143 (25) 1 - 1 -
 Middle 525 (74) 184 (26) 1.08 (0.87, 1.35) 0.48 1.14 (0.88, 1.48) 033
 High 603(74) 215 (26) 1.10 (0.89, 1.36) 0.85 0.99 (0.77, 1.27) 0.92
Chance HLOC n = 2068 n = 1584
 Low 506 (78) 144 (22) 1 - 1 -
 Middle 495 (75) 163(25) 1.06 (0.84, 1.32) 0.63 0.83 (0.83, 1.42) 0.55
 High 529(70) 231 (30) 1.30 (1.06, 1.60) 0.01 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) 0.06
Powerful others HLOC n = 2069 n = 1591
 Low 511(82) 109(18) 1 - 1 -
 Middle 582 (77) 173(23) 1.31 (1.03, 1.66) 0.03 0.94 (0.70, 1.25) 0.66
 High 439 (63) 255 (36) 2.26 (1.81, 2.83) <0.001 1.16 (0.87, 1.54) 0.32
1

Multivariable models including Breslow thickness, site, age, sex, vitamin D (adjusted for season and batch), Townsend score, smoking, BMI, alcohol intake and exercise