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. 2020 Jan;130:105889. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105889

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of the whole sample [weighted].

Variables
 Never read
(N = 668)
 Less often than once a month
(N = 757)
 At least once a month
(N = 1084)
 At least once a week
(N = 2988)
 Most days
(N = 4883)
 p-Value
N(%)/mean (SE)
Health behaviours, Sweep 6 Ever smoked (yes/no) 147
(22.0%)		 129
(17.1%)		 159
(14.7%)		 472
(15.8%)		 576
(11.8%)		 0.000
Ever used alcohol (yes/no) 367
(55.0%)		 377
(49.8%)		 590
(54.4%)		 1554
(52.0%)		 2285
(46.8%)		 0.000
Two portions or more of fruit consumption per day (yes/no) 162
(24.3%)		 179
(23.7%)		 263
(24.3%)		 932
(31.2%)		 1939
(39.7%)		 0.000
Engaged in at least 60-min moderate to vigorous physical activity 5+ days per day 277
(41.4%)		 328
(43.3%)		 402
(37.1%)		 1222
(40.9%)		 1782
(36.5%)		 0.001
Demographic factors Female 206
(30.9%)		 266
(35.2%)		 455
(42.0%)		 1449
(48.5%)		 2852
(58.4%)		 0.000
White 606
(90.7%)		 683
(90.2%)		 988
(91.1%)		 2644
(88.5%)		 4278
(87.6%)		 0.000
Parent's education 0.001
 NVQ level 1 78
(11.7%)		 86
(11.4%)		 130
(12.0%)		 305
(10.2%)		 355
(7.27%)
 NVQ level 2 244
(36.5%)		 251
(33.2%)		 346
(31.9%)		 965
(32.3%)		 1284
(26.3%)
 NVQ level 3 45
(6.75%)		 72
(9.56%)		 88
(8.11%)		 237
(7.92%)		 404
(8.28%)
 NVQ level 4 114
(17.0%)		 178
(23.5%)		 266
(24.5%)		 786
(26.3%)		 1587
(32.5%)
 NVQ level 5 30
(4.47%)		 36
(4.72%)		 86
(7.91%)		 256
(8.56%)		 679
(13.9%)
 Overseas/none of these 158
(23.6%)		 134
(17.7%)		 168
(15.5%)		 439
(14.7%)		 566
(11.6%)
Parents' employment status 0.000
 Semi-routine/routine 195
(29.2%)		 191
(25.2%)		 275
(25.4%)		 729
(24.4%)		 933
(19.1%)
 Lower supervisory/lower technician 600
(8.98%)		 71
(9.33%)		 83
(7.62%)		 245
(8.20%)		 292
(5.97%)
 Small employers/self-employed 125
(18.7%)		 122
(16.1%)		 156
(14.4%)		 478
(16.0%)		 718
(14.7%)
 Intermediate 66
(9.88%)		 79
(10.5%)		 130
(12.0%)		 338
(11.3%)		 508
(10.4%)
 Managerial/professional 222
(33.2%)		 294
(38.8%)		 439
(40.5%)		 1198
(40.1%)		 2432
(49.8%)
 The lowest household income bracket (less than £150 per week) 98
(14.7%)		 89
(11.7%)		 103
(9.95%)		 293
(9.82%)		 422
(8.64%)		 0.000
Parents' marital status 0.000
 Married/remarried/in a civil partnership 382
(57.2%)		 511
(67.5%)		 724
(66.8%)		 2041
(68.3%)		 3589
(73.5%)
Single, never married and never in a civil partnership 132
(19.8%)		 120
(15.8%)		 165
(15.2%)		 454
(15.2%)		 625
(12.8%)
 Legally separated/divorced/widowed/in a surviving civil partnership 154
(23.0%)		 126
(16.7%)		 195
(18.0%)		 496
(16.6%)		 669
(13.7%)
Baseline healthy behaviours, Sweep 5 Two portions or more of fruit consumption per day (yes/no) 379
(56.8%)		 496
(65.5%)		 731
(67.4%)		 2142
(71.7%)		 3755
(76.9%)		 0.000
Frequency of engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity most days (yes/no) 391
(58.6%)		 397
(52.5%)		 588
(54.2%)		 1975
(66.1%)		 2627
(53.8%)		 0.509
Child development factors Prosocial behaviour (ranges from −5.78 to 0.91) −0.18 (0.05) −0.03 (0.04) 0.02 (0.04) 0.04 (0.02) 0.08 (0.02) 0.000
Emotional problems (ranges from −1.00 to 4.29) 0.12 (0.05) 0.03 (0.04) −0.02 (0.04) −0.03 (0.02) −0.09 (0.02) 0.000
Peer problems (ranges from −0.93 to 5.42) 0.13 (0.05) 0.04 (0.05) −0.04 (0.04) −0.13 (0.02) −0.07 (0.02) 0.000
Conduct problems (ranges from −0.87 to 7.28) 0.20 (0.05) 0.07 (0.05) 0.01 (0.04) −0.06 (0.02) −0.15 (0.02) 0.000
Hyperactivity/inattention (ranges from −1.40 to 3.49) 0.36 (0.05) 0.16 (0.04) 0.04 (0.04) −0.04 (0.02) −0.21 (0.02) 0.000
Academic performance (ranges from −2.64 to 1.81) −0.39 (0.05) −0.15 (0.04) −0.02 (0.04) 0.02 (0.02) 0.30 (0.02) 0.000
Children's mental health factors Depression index (ranges from −1.54 to 5.02) 0.14 (0.05) 0.14 (0.04) 0.03 (0.03) −0.01 (0.02) 0.05 (0.02) 0.004
Subjective well-being (ranges from −4.65 to 1.42) −0.35 (0.05) −0.23 (0.04) −0.14 (0.04) −0.03 (0.02) 0.08 (0.02) 0.000
Self-esteem (ranges from −5.47 to 1.65) −0.24 (0.05) −0.17 (0.04) −0.14 (0.04) −0.04 (0.02) 0.07 (0.02) 0.000
Family factors Closeness with mother (ranges from −4.06 to 0.83) −0.04 (0.05) −0.01 (0.04) −0.04 (0.04) 0.04 (0.02) −0.01 (0.02) 0.493
Closeness with father (ranges from −3.19 to 0.94) 0.06 (0.06) 0.00 (0.05) 0.02 (0.04) 0.03 (0.03) 0.00 (0.02) 0.104
Frequent battles with mother 222
(33.3%)		 237
(31.3%)		 325
(30.0%)		 840
(28.1%)		 1318
(27.0%)		 0.000
Frequent battles with father 200
(29.9%)		 238
(31.4%)		 295
(27.2%)		 777
(26.0%)		 1274
(26.1%)		 0.000
Play active games with mother at least once or twice a week 145
(21.7%)		 192
(25.4%)		 304
(28.0%)		 908
(30.4%)		 1538
(31.5%)		 0.000
Play active games with father at least once or twice a week 277
(41.5%)		 369
(48.8%)		 491
(45.3%)		 1524
(51.0%)		 2456
(50.3%)		 0.001
Peer influence Having >200 books at home 76
(11.4%)		 120
(15.8%)		 162
(14.9%)		 538
(18.0%)		 1514
(31.0%)		 0.000
High frequency of parents' reading for pleasure (i.e. every day or almost every day) 261
(39.1%)		 310
(41.0%)		 454
(41.9%)		 1360
(45.5%)		 2598
(53.2%)		 0.000
Children going to the library at least once a month 90
(13.5%)		 137
(18.1%)		 207
(19.1%)		 669
(22.4%)		 1567
(32.1%)		 0.000
Frequency of visiting a social networking website at least once a week 265
(39.7%)		 248
(32.7%)		 390
(36.0%)		 977
(32.7%)		 1167
(23.9%)		 0.000
Parents' cigarette use 385
(57.7%)		 385
(50.9%)		 527
(48.6%)		 1300
(43.5%)		 1733
(35.5%)		 0.000
Parents' alcohol use (2–3 times or more a week or more) 437
(65.4%)		 495
(65.4%)		 721
(66.5%)		 2026
(67.8%)		 3272
(67.0%)		 0.614
Peers' cigarette use 73
(10.9%)		 59
(7.85%)		 56
(5.12%)		 161
(5.38%)		 162
(3.32%)		 0.000
Peers' alcohol use 105
(15.7%)		 104
(13.8%)		 101
(9.29%)		 298
(9.97%)		 345
(7.06%)		 0.000

Notes: The estimated Ns provided are weighted and are the product of the imputated proportions and the number of observations (e.g. the weighted N provided females are 0.309*668 = 206).