Table 1.
Formulation and composition of the experimental diets (% DM)
| Diets | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | HFD | HFD + C1 | HFD + C2 | HFD + C3 | |
| Ingredients | |||||
| Fish meal | 26·000 | 26·000 | 26·000 | 26·000 | 26·000 |
| Soyabean protein concentrate | 10·000 | 10·000 | 10·000 | 10·000 | 10·000 |
| Soyabean meal | 20·000 | 20·000 | 20·000 | 20·000 | 20·000 |
| Wheat flour | 24·300 | 24·300 | 24·300 | 24·300 | 24·300 |
| Fish oil | 8·000 | 8·000 | 8·000 | 8·000 | 8·000 |
| Palmitic acid | 0·000 | 6·000 | 6·000 | 6·000 | 6·000 |
| Soyabean lecithin | 1·000 | 1·000 | 1·000 | 1·000 | 1·000 |
| Vitamin premix* | 0·500 | 0·500 | 0·500 | 0·500 | 0·500 |
| Mineral premix* | 2·000 | 2·000 | 2·000 | 2·000 | 2·000 |
| Choline chloride | 0·000 | 0·000 | 0·300 | 0·600 | 1·200 |
| Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1·000 | 1·000 | 1·000 | 1·000 | 1·000 |
| Cellulose | 7·200 | 1·200 | 0·900 | 0·600 | 0·000 |
| Proximate composition (%) | |||||
| DM | 90·04 | 89·43 | 89·78 | 89·72 | 89·59 |
| Crude protein | 40·48 | 40·79 | 41·49 | 41·68 | 41·92 |
| Crude lipid | 10·82 | 16·75 | 16·42 | 16·37 | 16·39 |
| Ash | 9·30 | 9·45 | 9·44 | 9·41 | 9·40 |
HFD, high-fat diet; HFD + C1, HFD + choline (3 g/kg); HFD + C2, HFD + choline (6 g/kg); HFD + C3, HFD + choline (12 g/kg).
*
The vitamin premix and mineral mixture were purchased from Ningbo Tech-Bank Feed Co. Ltd.