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. 2020 Jan 20;10:3120. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03120

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Copyright © 2020 Gonçalves, Rezende, Oliveira, Ribeiro, Fattori, Silva, Prazeres, Queiroz-Junior, Santana, Costa, Beltrami, Costa, Birbrair, Verri, Lopes, Cunha, Teixeira, Amaral and Pinho.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Time course of inflammatory response in AIA model. (A) Number of neutrophils and mononuclear cells in the knee joint cavity at different time points after injection of 10 μg of mBSA (10 μg/10 μl of PBS), as well as 12 h after injection of 10 μl of sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) into the knee joints of immunized mice (n = 4–6). (B) Rolling and (C) adhesion of leukocytes in knee joint microvasculature (n = 5). Concentration of (D) TNF, (E) IL-1β and (F) IL-6 in the joint tissue homogenate were evaluated by ELISA (n = 5). The results are represented as mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, ****(to neutrophils), and ^#### (to mononuclear cells) p < 0.0001 (A) or p = specified value in the graph (B–F) compared to control group (PBS) using one-way ANOVA following by Dunnett post-hoc analysis.