Comparison 2. Acupuncture compared with control.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Maternal satisfaction with pain management	1	90	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.95, 1.22]
2 Use of pharmacological analgesia	2	288	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.49, 1.00]
3 Spontaneous vaginal delivery	1	90	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.89, 1.08]
4 Instrumental vaginal delivery	2	288	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.45, 2.00]
5 Caesarean section	1	90	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.06, 14.83]
6 Length of labour	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐1.79, 1.19]
7 Augmentation with oxytocin	1	90	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.58, 1.80]
8 Pain intensity	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.20 [‐0.80, 0.40]
9 Relaxation	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.62, ‐0.18]
10 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes	2	288	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.61 [0.11, 63.24]