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| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Use of pharmacological analgesia | 1 | 22 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 2.5 [0.31, 20.45] |
| 2 Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 1 | 22 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.67, 1.28] |
| 3 Instrumental delivery | 1 | 22 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.83 [0.06, 11.70] |
| 4 Caesarean section | 1 | 22 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 2.54 [0.11, 56.25] |
