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| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Maternal perception of pain | 1 | 34 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐1.90 [‐3.88, 0.08] |
| 2 Augmentation with oxytocin | 1 | 34 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.14 [0.82, 1.59] |
| 3 Instrumental vaginal delivery | 1 | 34 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.16 [0.01, 2.68] |
| 4 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes | 1 | 34 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.47 [0.02, 10.69] |
