Table 5.
Posterior Tibial Slope Reported in the Literaturea
| Author (Year) | Population | Knee Disorder | Average Age, y | Imaging Technology | No. of Knees | Average MPPTA, deg | Average LPPTA, deg | Average GPPTA, deg | Tibial Reference Axis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current study (2020) | White, Asian | None | 58 | CT | 756 | 6.2 ± 3.7 | 5.3 ± 3.2 | 6.3 ± 2.9 | Anatomic axis |
| Weinberg32 (2017) | Cadaveric: black, white | None | NR | 3D digitizer apparatus | 1090 | 6.9 ± 3.7 | 4.7 ± 3.6 | NR | Center of the first third of the tibial shaft |
| Zhang37 (2014) | Chinese | None | 31 | CT | 80 | 8.4 ± 3.1 | 7.6 ± 2.5 | NR | Proximal long axis, anterior cortices, posterior cortices |
| Mohanty23 (2013) | Indian | OA | 62 | Radiography | 100 | NR | NR | 11.6 ± 4.5 | Anatomic axis |
| Haddad10 (2012) | White, African, Asian | Soft tissue injury | 42 | MRI | 148 | 5.7 ± 3.8 | 5.6 ± 4.2 | NR | Tibial proximal anatomic axis |
| de Boer (2009)6 | Cadaveric: African, white, mixed | None | 56 | Handmade measurements | 105 | NR | NR | 8.4 ± 3.7 | Tibial shaft anatomic axis |
| Yoo35 (2008) | Korean (female) | OA | 67 | Radiography | 90 | NR | NR | 10.6 ± 3.5 | Anterior cortical line, proximal anatomic axis, central anatomic axis, posterior cortical line, fibular shaft axis |
| Kuwano17 (2005) | Japanese | OA | 71 | CT | 50 | 9.0 ± 5.0 | 8.1 ± 4.0 | NR | Longitudinal axis of the tibial shaft |
| Chiu5 (2000) | Cadaveric: Chinese | Healthy/OA | 68 | Radiography | 50 | 14.8 ± 4.2 | 11.8 ± 3.8 | NR | Anterior cortex |
a3D, 3-dimensional; CT, computed tomography; GPPTA, global posterior plateau tibial angle; LPPTA, lateral posterior plateau tibial angle; MPPTA, medial posterior plateau tibial angle; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NR, not reported; OA, osteoarthritis.