Fiks 2016.

Methods	Controlled before‐after study conducted in the USA
Participants	Participants: providers Number per group: 27 MOC paediatricians and 200 "usual care" paediatricians Total number enrolled: 227 paediatricians Study population: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia primary care network comprising 227 primary care clinicians practicing at 27 practices at 31 sites, caring for > 200,000 children in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. All practices shared a common EHR (EpicCare, Verona, WI).
Interventions	Intervention: MOC programmes using education and performance feedback Description: paediatricians received education and EHR‐generated performance feedback reports with their rates of captured HPV immunisation opportunities (dose given at eligible visit). The educational component consisted of a 1‐hour webinar that described current vaccination rates in the network, data on vaccine safety and efficacy, and strategies for overcoming barriers to vaccine receipt. Providers enrolled in the MOC project received quarterly performance feedback reports, extracted from EHRs, summarising their own, their practices', and the network's rates of missed HPV vaccination opportunities. Participating clinicians, drawn from practices across the network, met quarterly in a lunch‐hour teleconference to review the results of performance feedback and decide on an area of improvement for the next quarter. Duration: 1 year Comparison: usual practice Description of comparison: paediatricians did not receive the MOC programme. Vaccine target: HPV vaccine Disease targeted: cervical cancer Number of doses: 3 doses
Outcomes	HPV vaccine uptake
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	No randomisation.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	No allocation concealment.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	The outcome is an objective measure.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	The outcome is an objective measure.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No attrition bias.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No reporting bias.
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence of other biases.