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. 2020 Jan 17;2020(1):CD011895. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011895.pub2

Grandahl 2016.

Methods Cluster randomised trial conducted in Sweden
Participants Participants: 16‐year old girls and boys
Number per group: 390 students from 60 classes in intervention group and 351 students from 53 classes in a control group.
Total number enrolled: 741 adolescents
Study population: Swedish upper secondary school adolescents aged 16–19 years
Interventions Intervention: face‐to‐face health education
Description: face‐to‐face structured information about HPV, including cancer risks and HPV prevention, by propagating condom use and HPV vaccination.
Duration: 30 minutes
Comparison: usual practice
Description of comparison: general information, including sexual health
Vaccine target: HPV vaccine
Disease targeted: cervical cancer
Number of doses: not specified
Outcomes HPV vaccine uptake
Notes  
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk Randomisation was performed in 2 steps. First, in order to avoid contamination, the schools were randomised into either the intervention group or the control group. Second, 113 school classes within these schools were randomly selected to be included in the study.
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Low risk Schools were randomly drawn by administrative personnel not involved in the project.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk The outcome is an objective measure.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk Research assistant who recorded the data from the participants did not possess this knowledge.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk No loss to follow‐up.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk Due to the self‐reported questionnaires, there was a risk of participants' over‐reporting or under‐reporting or having recall bias; however, we consider this risk to be small in this study.
Other bias Low risk No evidence of other biases.