Bajaj 2016.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: USA and Russia Period of recruitment: not stated Number randomised: 518 Postrandomisation dropouts: 2 (0.4%) Revised sample size: 516 Reasons for postrandomisation dropouts: not stated Mean age (years): 57 Females: not stated Presence of other features of decompensation (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding): not stated Ascites with low protein: not stated Primary prophylaxis: 516 (100%) Alcohol‐related cirrhosis: 125 (24.2%) Viral‐related cirrhosis: 160 (31.0%) Autoimmune disease‐related cirrhosis (e.g. PSC, PBC, AIH): not stated Other causes for cirrhosis: 231 (44.8%) Treated for ascites in addition to antibiotics (e.g. albumin or diuretics): not stated Inclusion criteria: people with Grade I ascites Exclusion criteria: history of oesophageal bleeding
Interventions	Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1: rifaximin (n = 422) Further details: rifaximin 40–160 mg (immediate release and soluble solid dispersion) for 24 weeks Group 2: no active intervention (n = 94) Further details: placebo for 24 weeks
Outcomes	None of the outcomes of interest were reported. Follow‐up (months): 6
Notes	Trial name/trial registry number: NCT01904409 Attempted to contact authors in November 2018, but received no replies.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial."
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial."
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Comment: protocol not available, and authors did not report adverse events adequately.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted