Ibrahim 2017.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: Egypt Period of recruitment: not stated Number randomised: 80 Postrandomisation dropouts: not stated Revised sample size: 80 Mean age (years): 59 Females: 29 (36.3%) Presence of other features of decompensation (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding): 11 (13.8%) Ascites with low protein: not stated Primary prophylaxis: 80 (100%) Alcohol‐related cirrhosis: not stated Viral‐related cirrhosis: 74 (92.5%) Autoimmune disease‐related cirrhosis (e.g. PSC, PBC, AIH): not stated Other causes for cirrhosis: 6 (7.5%) Treated for ascites in addition to antibiotics (e.g. albumin or diuretics): not stated Exclusion criteria: renal impairment chronic kidney disease recent exposure to radioactive materials sepsis nephrotoxic drugs hepatocellular carcinoma
Interventions	Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1: rifaximin (n = 40) Further details: rifaximin 550 mg BD for 3 months Group 2: no active intervention (n = 40) Further details: no treatment
Outcomes	None of the outcomes of interest were reported. Follow‐up (months): 3
Notes	Attempted to contact authors in November 2018, but received no replies.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Comment: protocol not available, and authors did not report mortality or adverse events, which are expected to be reported in such trials.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted