Kimer 2017.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: Denmark Period of recruitment: 2013–2015 Number randomised: 54 Postrandomisation dropouts: 0 (0%) Revised sample size: 54 Mean age (years): 56 Females: 9 (16.7%) Presence of other features of decompensation (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding): not stated Ascites with low protein: not stated Primary prophylaxis: not stated Alcohol‐related cirrhosis: 42 (77.8%) Viral‐related cirrhosis: 6 (11.1%) Autoimmune disease‐related cirrhosis (e.g. PSC, PBC, AIH): 2 (3.7%) Other causes for cirrhosis: 4 (7.4%) Treated for ascites in addition to antibiotics (e.g. albumin or diuretics): not stated Inclusion criteria: portal hypertension with an hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥ 10 mmHg Exclusion criteria: cardiac or respiratory failure invasive cancer within the past 5 years infection antibiotic treatment 14 days prior to inclusion overt hepatic encephalopathy kidney failure with serum creatinine > 200 µmol/L transfusion‐requiring bleeding within 1 week prior to inclusion anaemia continuous abuse of alcohol with symptoms of withdrawal expected survival < 3 months
Interventions	Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1: rifaximin (n = 36) Further details: rifaximin 550 mg BD for 4 weeks Group 2: no active intervention (n = 18) Further details: placebo
Outcomes	Outcomes reported: all‐cause mortality; number of serious adverse events per participant; number of any adverse events per participant; proportion with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (as per definition). Follow‐up (months): 1
Notes	Trial name/trial registry number: NCT01769040 Attempted to contact authors in November 2018, but received no replies.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Computer‐generated logarithm provided by our external data manager."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Computer‐generated logarithm provided by our external data manager."
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Double‐blind, randomized, and placebo‐controlled trial… All patients and personnel were blinded to the treatment."
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Double‐blind, randomized, and placebo‐controlled trial… All patients and personnel were blinded to the treatment."
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: no postrandomisation dropouts
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comment: protocol not available, but authors reported mortality and adverse events adequately.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted