Madrid 2001.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: Chile Period of recruitment: not stated Number randomised: 22 Postrandomisation dropouts: not stated Revised sample size: 22 Mean age (years): 58 Females: 11 (50.0%) Presence of other features of decompensation (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding): not stated Ascites with low protein: not stated Primary prophylaxis: not stated Alcohol‐related cirrhosis: 13 (59.1%) Viral‐related cirrhosis: 7 (31.8%) Autoimmune disease‐related cirrhosis (e.g. PSC, PBC, AIH): not stated Other causes for cirrhosis: 2 (9.1%) Treated for ascites in addition to antibiotics (e.g. albumin or diuretics): not stated Inclusion criteria: people with liver cirrhosis Exclusion criteria: diabetes mellitus cardiovascular disorders or abnormal electrocardiograph electrolyte disturbances spontaneous bacterial peritonitis previous abdominal surgery renal failure treated with lactulose, antibiotics, or prokinetic drugs during past 30 days
Interventions	Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1: norfloxacin + neomycin (n = 12) Further details: norfloxacin 400 mg BD alternating with neomycin 500 mg TDS, alternating every 15 days for 6 months Group 2: no active intervention (n = 10) Further details: placebo Additional details: another group which received cisapride was excluded from the analysis
Outcomes	Outcomes reported: number of other decompensation events Follow‐up (months): 6
Notes	Attempted to contact authors in November 2018, but received no replies.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: placebo used but no information about blinding provided.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: placebo used but no information about blinding provided.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Comment: protocol not available, and authors did not report the outcomes assessed adequately.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted