Nawaz 2015.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: Pakistan Period of recruitment: not stated Number randomised: 150 Postrandomisation dropouts: not stated Revised sample size: 150 Mean age (years): not stated Females: not stated Presence of other features of decompensation (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding): 150 (100%) Ascites with low protein: not stated Primary prophylaxis: not stated Alcohol‐related cirrhosis: not stated Viral‐related cirrhosis: not stated Autoimmune disease‐related cirrhosis (e.g. PSC, PBC, AIH): not stated Other causes for cirrhosis: not stated Treated for ascites in addition to antibiotics (e.g. albumin or diuretics): not stated Inclusion criteria: people with ≥ 2 episodes of hepatic encephalopathy
Interventions	Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1: rifaximin (n = 75) Further details: rifaximin 550 mg BD for 6 months Group 2: no active intervention (n = 75) Further details: placebo
Outcomes	Outcomes reported: number of other decompensation events Follow‐up (months): 6
Notes	Attempted to contact authors in November 2018, but received no replies.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: placebo used, but unclear if blinding was achieved.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: placebo used, but unclear if blinding was achieved.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Comment: protocol not available, and authors did not report the outcomes assessed adequately.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted