Rolachon 1995.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: France Period of recruitment: 1991–1993 Number randomised: 60 Postrandomisation dropouts: not stated Revised sample size: 60 Mean age (years): 55 Females: 28 (46.7%) Presence of other features of decompensation (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding): not stated Ascites with low protein: 60 (100%) Primary prophylaxis: 53 (88.3%) Alcohol‐related cirrhosis: 55 (91.7%) Viral‐related cirrhosis: 1 (1.7%) Autoimmune disease‐related cirrhosis (e.g. PSC, PBC, AIH): 2 (3.3%) Other causes for cirrhosis: 2 (3.3%) Treated for ascites in addition to antibiotics (e.g. albumin or diuretics): not stated
Interventions	Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1: ciprofloxacin (n = 28) Further details: ciprofloxacin 750 mg/week orally for 6 months Group 2: no active intervention (n = 32) Further details: placebo
Outcomes	Outcomes reported: all‐cause mortality; number of any adverse events per participant; proportion with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (as per definition); length of hospital stay Follow‐up (months): 6
Notes	Attempted to contact authors in November 2018, but received no replies.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Double‐blind … placebo"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Double‐blind … placebo"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Comment: protocol not available, and authors did not report the outcomes assessed adequately.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted