Terg 2008.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: Argentina Period of recruitment: 2000–2005 Number randomised: 100 Postrandomisation dropouts: 0 (0%) Revised sample size: 100 Mean age (years): 57 Females: not stated Presence of other features of decompensation (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding): not stated Ascites with low protein: 100 (100%) Primary prophylaxis: 100 (100%) Alcohol‐related cirrhosis: not stated Viral‐related cirrhosis: not stated Autoimmune disease‐related cirrhosis (e.g. PSC, PBC, AIH): not stated Other causes for cirrhosis: not stated Treated for ascites in addition to antibiotics (e.g. albumin or diuretics): not stated Exclusion criteria: antibiotics in the previous 30 days pregnancy active gastrointestinal bleeding encephalopathy > grade 2 hepatocellular carcinoma or other malignancies allergy to quinolones renal or liver failure bacterial infection
Interventions	Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1: ciprofloxacin (n = 50) Further details: ciprofloxacin 500 mg/day (duration not stated – probably until end of follow‐up) Group 2: no active intervention (n = 50) Further details: placebo
Outcomes	Outcomes reported: all‐cause mortality; number of any adverse events per participant; proportion with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (as per definition) Follow‐up (months): 8
Notes	Trial name/trial registry number: CCT‐NAPN‐16065 Attempted to contact authors in November 2018, but received no replies.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Randomization was performed with sealed and consecutively numbered opaque envelopes containing the treatment option as derived from computer generated random numbers."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Randomization was performed with sealed and consecutively numbered opaque envelopes containing the treatment option as derived from computer generated random numbers."
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Multicenter, randomized, double blind, and placebo‐controlled study."
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Multicenter, randomized, double blind, and placebo‐controlled study."
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: no postrandomisation dropouts
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comment: protocol not available, but authors reported mortality and adverse events adequately.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted