Trespi 1999.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial
Participants	Country: Italy Period of recruitment: not stated Number randomised: 52 Postrandomisation dropouts: not stated Revised sample size: 52 Mean age (years): 63 Females: 11 (21.2%) Presence of other features of decompensation (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding): not stated Ascites with low protein: not stated Primary prophylaxis: not stated Alcohol‐related cirrhosis: 52 (100%) Viral‐related cirrhosis: 0 (0%) Autoimmune disease‐related cirrhosis (e.g. PSC, PBC, AIH): 0 (0%) Other causes for cirrhosis: 0 (0%) Treated for ascites in addition to antibiotics (e.g. albumin or diuretics): not stated Inclusion criteria: people with ascites and alcoholic cirrhosis
Interventions	Participants randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1: rifaximin (n = 27) Further details: rifaximin 400 mg BD for 1 week/month (duration not stated, probably until the end of the follow‐up period) Group 2: no active intervention (n = 25) Further details: no treatment
Outcomes	Outcomes reported: proportion with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (as per definition) Follow‐up (months): 12
Notes	Attempted to contact authors in November 2018, but received no replies.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: information not available
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Comment: protocol not available, and authors did not report the outcomes assessed adequately.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias noted