Comparison 3. Paracetamol (oral or IV) versus indomethacin (IV).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Failure to close a PDA	2	273	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.55, 1.65]
2 Renal impairment	1	77	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.08 [0.13, 73.26]
3 GI bleed	2	277	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.33, 1.33]
4 NEC (all grades)	2	277	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.39 [0.14, 1.06]
5 Sepsis	2	277	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.59, 2.19]
6 Pulmonary haemorrhage	2	277	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.25, 2.18]
7 ROP (all grades)	2	259	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.58, 1.03]
8 Severe ROP needing treatment	1	59	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.18 [0.49, 2.84]
9 IVH (all grades)	2	275	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.42, 1.63]
10 IVH (grades III to IV)	1	75	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.08 [0.34, 28.30]
11 Periventricular leukomalacia	1	75	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.34 [0.01, 8.14]
12 Oxygen requirement at 28 days of age	1	58	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.53, 1.46]
13 Oxygen requirement at ≥ 36 weeks' PMA	1	57	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.32, 2.69]
14 Death	1	77	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.43, 2.46]
15 Serum creatinine (µmol/L)	1	200	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐30.94 [‐34.34, ‐27.54]
16 Failure to close a PDA after a 2nd course of IV paracetamol versus IV indomethacin	1	39	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.55, 1.40]
17 Surgical ligation of PDA	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.44, 1.92]
18 Serum bilirubin µmol/L	1	200	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.13, 1.93]
19 Platelet count (x109/L)	1	200	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	112.0 [103.02, 120.98]
20 Daily urine output (mL/kg/h)	1	200	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.14 [1.04, 1.24]