Table 2.
Logistic Regressions Predicting Parent or Perpetrator CPS Involvement (PP-CPS) by Age 25 (full sample).
| Model 1: |
Model 2: |
Model 3: |
Model 4: |
Model 5: |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any PP-CPS a,b,c,d |
Parent Perpetratorb,c,d |
Resident Parent, Non-Perpetrator b,d |
Non-resident Parent, Non-Perpetratora,b,c,d |
Non-biological parent, Perpetratora,b |
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| b(SE) | AOR | b(SE) | AOR | b(SE) | AOR | b(SE) | AOR | b(SE) | AOR | |
| Panel 1. Male (n = 17,563) | ||||||||||
| Sample Group (reference: SNAP only) | ||||||||||
| CPSV | 0.668 (0.064) | 1.951*** | 0.516 (0.101) | 1.676*** | 0.652 (0.146) | 1.919*** | 0.560 (0.069) | 1.751*** | 0.833 (0.090) | 2.299*** |
| OHC | 1.195 (0.074) | 3.303*** | 0.805 (0.159) | 2.236*** | 0.684 (0.250) | 1.982** | 0.958 (0.129) | 2.605*** | 1.372 (0.091) | 3.942*** |
| Race/ethnicity (reference: White non-Hispanic) | ||||||||||
| Black non-Hispanic | 0.310 (0.131) | 1.363* | 0.371 (0.137) | 1.450** | −0.170 (0.163) | 0.844 | 0.733 (0.111) | 2.082*** | −0.268 (0.158) | 0.765 |
| Hispanic (any race) | 0.098 (0.074) | 1.102 | 0.328 (0.185) | 1.388 | 0.074 (0.149) | 1.077 | 0.257 (0.095) | 1.294** | −0.166 (0.149) | 0.847 |
| Asian | −1.089 (0.185) | 0.337*** | −0.464 (0.235) | 0.629* | −0.582 (0.356) | 0.559 | −1.811 (0.455) | 0.164*** | −0.958 (0.237) | 0.384*** |
| American Indian | 0.552 (0.201) | 1.736** | 0.684 (0.247) | 1.981** | 0.844 (0.491) | 2.325 | 0.720 (0.200) | 2.055*** | −0.114 (0.212) | 0.892 |
| Multiracial | 0.529 (0.127) | 1.697*** | 0.548 (0.219) | 1.730* | 0.488 (0.290) | 1.630 | 0.690 (0.105) | 1.993*** | 0.108 (0.185) | 1.114 |
| Received SSI as child | 0.286 (0.062) | 1.331*** | 0.160 (0.113) | 1.174 | −0.036 (0.179) | 0.965 | 0.111 (0.068) | 1.117 | 0.414 (0.084) | 1.513*** |
| Born 1991 (vs. 1990) | −0.000 (0.059) | 1.000 | 0.052 (0.068) | 1.053 | 0.132 (0.156) | 1.141 | −0.050 (0.085) | 0.951 | 0.049 (0.063) | 1.050 |
| Prop. Months on SNAP, age 0–13 | 0.672 (0.108) | 1.959*** | 0.239 (0.209) | 1.270 | 0.782 (0.209) | 2.186*** | 0.840 (0.134) | 2.315*** | 0.551 (0.172) | 1.735** |
| Constant | −2.689 (0.436) | −5.014 (0.744) | −4.646 (0.881) | −3.614 (0.550) | −3.847 (0.378) | |||||
| Panel 2. Female (n = 18,912) | ||||||||||
| Sample Group (reference = SNAP only) | ||||||||||
| CPSV | 0.949 (0.093) | 2.583*** | 0.954 (0.063) | 2.596*** | 0.891 (0.154) | 2.437*** | 1.185 (0.297) | 3.269*** | 0.808 (0.097) | 2.242*** |
| OHC | 1.516 (0.066) | 4.555*** | 1.621 (0.061) | 5.058*** | 1.346 (0.108) | 3.840*** | 1.813 (0.369) | 6.130*** | 1.234 (0.143) | 3.435*** |
| Race/Ethnicity (reference = White non-Hispanic) | ||||||||||
| Black non-Hispanic | 0.144 (0.056) | 1.155* | 0.127 (0.070) | 1.136 | −0.028 (0.078) | 0.973 | −0.143 (0.240) | 0.867 | −0.171 (0.118) | 0.843 |
| Hispanic (any race) | 0.110 (0.059) | 1.117 | 0.034 (0.092) | 1.035 | 0.319 (0.100) | 1.376** | 0.085 (0.223) | 1.089 | −0.326 (0.228) | 0.722 |
| Asian | −1.239 (0.163) | 0.290*** | −1.624 (0.182) | 0.197*** | −0.947 (0.276) | 0.388*** | −2.275 (0.974) | 0.103* | −0.784 (0.338) | 0.456* |
| American Indian | 0.661 (0.148) | 1.937*** | 0.666 (0.183) | 1.947*** | 0.639 (0.146) | 1.895*** | 0.668 (0.363) | 1.950 | 0.323 (0.290) | 1.382 |
| Multiracial | 0.516 (0.118) | 1.675*** | 0.458 (0.113) | 1.582*** | 0.614 (0.127) | 1.848*** | −0.399 (0.376) | 0.671 | 0.543 (0.230) | 1.721* |
| Received SSI as child | 0.370 (0.077) | 1.448*** | 0.425 (0.090) | 1.529*** | 0.260 (0.109) | 1.297* | 0.044 (0.305) | 1.045 | 0.622 (0.140) | 1.863*** |
| Born 1991 (vs.1990) | −0.010 (0.033) | 0.990 | 0.031 (0.040) | 1.032 | 0.028 (0.060) | 1.028 | 0.216 (0.103) | 1.241* | −0.168 (0.098) | 0.845 |
| Prop. Months on SNAP, age 0–13 | 0.760 (0.107) | 2.139*** | 0.789 (0.095) | 2.201*** | 0.659 (0.213) | 1.933** | 0.946 (0.192) | 2.576*** | 0.584 (0.158) | 1.794*** |
| Constant | −2.666 (0.239) | −3.123 (0.269) | −3.636 (0.377) | −6.372 (1.094) | −4.228 (0.486) | |||||
Note: AOR = adjusted odds ratio. SNAP = low-income sample without CPSV or OHC involvement; CPSV = Child Protective Services victim sample; OHC = out-of-home care sample. Sample designations based on program participation at ages 14–17 and are mutually exclusive. SSI = Supplemental Security Income, a means-tested income support program for low-income children and adults with disabilities. SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (federal means-tested food assistance program).
p < .05
p < .01
p < .001.
Coefficients for CPSV and OHC in Panel 1 significantly different at p < .01.
Coefficients for CPSV and OHC in Panel 2 significantly different at p < .01.
Coefficients for CPSV significantly different in Panel 1 vs. Panel 2, p < .01.
Coefficients for OHC significantly different in Panel 1 vs. Panel 2, p < .01.