Table 5. Univariable analyses: Sexual behavior and other risk factors of male and female participants of the misSA study in Germany, 2014–2016.
| Female | Male | OR | 95%-CI | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||||
| Sexual behavior | ||||||||
| Lifetime sexual activity | ||||||||
| Ever had sex | 1,020 | 95.2% | 1,226 | 96.1% | 0.82 | 0.55–1.22 | 0.317 | |
| Age at first sexual intercourse | ||||||||
| Under 16 years of age | 157 | 15.4% | 228 | 18.6% | 0.80 | 0.64–0.995 | 0.045 | |
| Sexual attraction | ||||||||
| Attracted to both sexes or same sex | 57 | 6.4% | 44 | 3.9% | 1.70 | 1.13–2.54 | 0.010 | |
| Sexual activity within the last 12 month | ||||||||
| Had sex within the last 12 months | 812 | 79.8% | 988 | 81.3% | 0.92 | 0.74–1.13 | 0.406 | |
| Sexual partners | ||||||||
| Sex with steady sexual partner(s) | 647 | 84.0% | 704 | 74.6% | 1.79 | 1.41–2.27 | <0.001 | |
| Sex with non-steady sexual partner(s) | 161 | 21.7% | 335 | 37.3% | 0.47 | 0.37–0.58 | <0.001 | |
| Sex with steady and non-steady sexual partners | 99 | 15.7% | 216 | 31.7% | 0.40 | 0.31–0.53 | <0.001 | |
| Origin of steady sexual partner(s) | ||||||||
| Germany | 179 | 27.9% | 227 | 33.1% | 0.78 | 0.62–0.99 | 0.040 | |
| Country of origin | 387 | 60.3% | 368 | 53.6% | 1.31 | 1.06–1.63 | 0.015 | |
| Other countries | 88 | 13.7% | 116 | 16.9% | 0.78 | 0.58–1.05 | 0.106 | |
| Number of sexual partners | ||||||||
| Single sexual partner | 642 | 83.1% | 601 | 63.7% | 2.79 | 2.22–3.51 | <0.001 | |
| More than five sexual partners | 7 | 0.9% | 37 | 3.9% | 0.22 | 0.10–0.51 | <0.001 | |
| Condom use | ||||||||
| Always with non-steady sexual partners | 77 | 48.1% | 153 | 46.8% | 1.06 | 0.72–1.54 | 0.781 | |
| At last sexual intercourse | 286 | 30.2% | 522 | 45.8% | 0.51 | 0.43–0.61 | <0.001 | |
| Reasons for not using condoms° | ||||||||
| I am faithful to my partner. | 294 | 32.4% | 294 | 26.8% | 1.31 | 1.08–1.59 | 0.006 | |
| I want to feel my partner. | 161 | 17.8% | 236 | 21.5% | 0.79 | 0.63–0.99 | 0.037 | |
| My partner doesn't want us to use it. | 164 | 18.1% | 127 | 11.6% | 1.69 | 1.31–2.17 | <0.001 | |
| I don't like condoms. | 116 | 12.8% | 158 | 14.4% | 0.87 | 0.68–1.13 | 0.303 | |
| I would like to get pregnant/ have a child with my partner. | 173 | 19.1% | 73 | 6.6% | 3.31 | 2.48–4.43 | <0.001 | |
| I find it embarrassing. | 107 | 11.8% | 122 | 11.1% | 1.07 | 0.81–1.41 | 0.626 | |
| I always use a condom. | 118 | 13.0% | 268 | 24.4% | 0.46 | 0.37–0.59 | <0.001 | |
| Other risk factors | ||||||||
| Sexualized violence | ||||||||
| Experience of sexualized violence | ||||||||
| Once | 103 | 10.0% | 53 | 4.3% | 2.49 | 1.77–3.50 | <0.001 | |
| Repeated | 65 | 6.3% | 29 | 2.3% | 2.81 | 1.80–4.39 | <0.001 | |
| Place where sexualized violence was experienced* | ||||||||
| Germany | 51 | 31.5% | 39 | 48.8% | 0.48 | 0.29–0.84 | 0.009 | |
| Country of origin | 109 | 67.3% | 32 | 40.0% | 3.09 | 1.77–5.37 | <0.001 | |
| Other country | 26 | 16.1% | 11 | 13.8% | 1.20 | 0.56–2.57 | 0.640 | |
| FGM/C among women | Proportion of women affected | |||||||
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18–25 years | 62 | 29.0% | 1.04 | 0.70–1.54 | 0.844 | |||
| 26–35 years | 108 | 25.8% | 0.89 | 0.63–1.24 | 0.482 | |||
| 36–45 years | 80 | 28.2% | Ref. | |||||
| > 45 years | 31 | 24.4% | 0.82 | 0.51–1.33 | 0.428 | |||
| Educational level | ||||||||
| No school/primary or secondary school | 144 | 33.9% | 1.43 | 1.05–1.95 | 0.025 | |||
| High school/vocational school | 93 | 26.4% | Ref. | |||||
| University/ college | 44 | 16.5% | 0.55 | 0.37–0.82 | 0.003 | |||
| Length of stay in Germany | ||||||||
| < 5 years | 127 | 32.2% | 1.53 | 1.16–2.02 | 0.003 | |||
| ≥ 5 years | 154 | 23.7% | Ref. | |||||
| Health insurance status | ||||||||
| Regular health insurance | 219 | 25.3% | Ref. | |||||
| No health insurance or medical treatment voucher for asylum seekers or unknown | 62 | 35.0% | 1.60 | 1.13–2.25 | 0.008 | |||
| Religious affiliation | ||||||||
| Christian | 158 | 20.8% | Ref. | |||||
| Muslim | 111 | 47.4% | 3.44 | 2.52–4.70 | <0.001 | |||
| No, other, or unknown religion | 12 | 24.5% | 1.24 | 0.63–2.43 | 0.535 | |||
° Multiple answers were possible; only answers mentioned by at least 10% of participants.
* Multiple answers were possible.