Figure 4.

Gene expression analysis. All genes were normalized to the housekeeping gene HPRT-1. A, ANP (nppa); B, ANPR-A (npr1); C, ANP clearance receptor, ANPR-C (npr3); and D, endothelin-1, ET-1 (edn1). E, Apelin (apl). F, E-selectin (sele). PBS healthy and lira healthy refer to animals treated for 10 days with liraglutide or PBS, but with no induction of COPD. Data are expressed as means ± SEM, n = 32. Statistics were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test comparing PBS and lira at 12 or 72 h *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.