Figure 2.

ASB decreases oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells. The cells were preincubated with ASB (10, 30 and 100 µM) and irradiated with UV (90 mJ/cm²). (A) The intracellular ROS in HaCaT cells was assessed by DCFH-DA. The appearance of green fluorescence represents the intensity of the generated ROS. (B) The fluorescence intensity was quantified with Image J software. The mRNA expression levels of (C) GCLC and (D) NQO1 in HaCaT cells were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The production of (E) IL-1β, (F) IL-6 and (G) TNF-α was measured by ELISA (n=4 for each group). The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 vs. NC group; ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01 vs. UV-alone group. UV, ultraviolet; ASB, andrographolide sodium bisulfite; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; NC, normal control.