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. 2019 Oct 17;40(2):306–315. doi: 10.1038/s41372-019-0505-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for WIAT-III Numerical Operations and OWLS Oral Composite in relation to placental microorganisms. The forest plots display ORs and 95% confidence intervals of a Z-score ≤ −1 on the (a) WIAT-III Numerical Operations subtest and (b) OWLS Oral Composite score at age 10 associated with the isolation of 16 bacterial species (y-axis). These odds ratios are adjusted for fetal sex, gestational age, birth weight Z-score, maternal education, public insurance, and antenatal corticosteroid use