. 2020 Jan 27;22(2):34. doi: 10.1208/s12248-020-0417-8

Table I.

Relevant Properties of Fasted-State Human Gastric Fluid (FaHGF) and Human Intestinal Fluid (FaHIF) (jejunum) that Affect Dissolution

Property	Value
Property	FaHGF (stomach)	FaHIF (duodenum)	FaHIF (jejunum)
pH	2.5 (median)^a, 1.7–3.3 (range)^a, 2.3 (median)^b, 1.1–7.5 (range)^b, 2.0 (median)^c, 1.1–3.9, (range)^c	6.3 (median)^a, 5.6–7.0 (range)^a, 4.9 (median)^b, 1.7–7.6 (range)^b	6.9 (median)^a, 6.5–7.8 (range)^a, 5.6 (median)^b, 2.2–6.8 (range)^b
Buffer capacity (mM/ΔpH)	17.9 (average)^c, 1 to 160 (range)^c	1.7 (average)^d, 0.4–6.3 (range of averages)^d	2.3 (average)^e, 0.3–6.3 (range of averages)^e 2 to 13^f
Buffer concentration (mM)/species	~ 0.5–20 mM (range)/HCl^a	6–20 at pH 6.5/bicarbonate^g	6–20 at pH 6.5/bicarbonate^g
Bile salts (mM)^a	0.28 (median), 0.0 to 0.8 (range)	3.25 (median), 2.5–5.9 (range)	2.52 (median), 1.4 to 5.5 (range)
Phospholipids (mM)^a	0.029 (median)	0.26 (median)	0.19 (median)
Osmolality (mOsmol)^a	202 (median), 119 to 221 (range)	197 (median), 137–224 (range)	280 (median), 200 to 300 (range)
Surface tension (mN/m)^a	36.8 (median), 31 to 45 (range)	34–41 (range)	25–34 (range)

^aFrom ref. (38)

^bFrom refs. (7,8)

^cFrom ref. (39)

^dPersonal communication with author of reference (7)

^eFrom ref. (7)

^fFrom refs. (54,55)

^gFrom ref. (29)