Table 2.

Summary of clinical trials using PDT for the treatment of GBM.

References	Number of patients		Photosensitizer		Photo-irradiation		Median overall survival (mo)
	New GBM	rGBM	Drug	Dose, route of administration	Wavelength, nm	Energy density (J/cm2)
Stupp et al. (6)	287		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	14.6c newly diagnosed
Akimoto et al. (41)	6	8	Talaporfin sodium	40 mg/m2, IV	664	27	n/a
Beck et al. (37)a		10	5-ALA	20 mg/kg, PO	633	100	15 rGBM
Eljamel et al. (39)	13		5-ALA and Porfimer sodium	2 mg/kg Photofrin IV; 20 mg/kg 5-ALA, PO	630	100	13.2d newly diagnosed
Johansson et al. (36)a	1	4	5-ALA	20–30 mg/kg	635	720 J/cm	n/a
Kaye et al. (42)	13	6	HpD	5 mg/kg, IV	630	70–120 or 120–230 J/cm2	n/a
Kostron et al. (43)	18		HpD	1 mg/cm3 of tumor IA and/or 1 mg/cm3 into tumor and/or IV mg/cm3	630	40–120	n/a
Kostron et al. (44)		26	Temoporfin	0.15 mg/kg, IV	652	20	8.5 rGBM
McCulloch et al. (45)	9		HpD	5 mg/kg, IV	627.8b	n/a	n/a
Muller and Wilson (46)	17		HpD or Porfimer sodium	1.4–2.7 mg/kg, IV	630	8–68	n/a
Muller and Wilson (47)		32	HpD or Porfimer sodium	5 mg/kg, IV; 2 mg/kg, IV	630	8–110	7.5 (29.5 from diagnosis) rGBM
Muller and Wilson (48)	12	37	Porfimer sodium	2 mg/kg, IV	n/a	58 (mean)	8.25 newly diagnosed, 7.25 rGBM
Muller and Wilson (49)	11		Porfimer sodium	2 mg/kg, IV	630	8–110	9.25 newly diagnosed
Muller et al. (50)		37	Porfimer sodium	2 mg/kg, IV	n/a	8–150	7.75 rGBM
Muragaki et al. (51)	13		Talaporfin sodium	40 mg/m2, IV	664	27	24.8 newly diagnosed
Nitta et al. (52)	30		Talaporfin sodium	40 mg/m2, IV	664	27	27.4 newly diagnosed
Origitano et al. (31)a		8	Porfimer sodium	2 mg/kg, IV	630	50 (100 J/cm interstitial)	n/a
Popovic et al. (53)	38	40	HpD	5 mg/kg, IV	628	72–260	24 newly diagnosed, 9 rGBM
Powers et al. (54)	2		Porfimer sodium	2 mg/kg, IV	630	400 J/cm	n/a
Rosenthal et al. (55)	7	9	Boronated porphyrin	0.25–8.0 mg/kg, IV	630	25–100	5 newly diagnosed, 11 rGBM
Schwartz et al. (56)a	15		5-ALA	20–30 mg/kg, PO	633	12.960 J	n/a
Stylli et al. (57)	58		HpD	5 mg/kg, IV	n/ab	240 J/cm2 (median)	24 newly diagnosed
Stylli et al. (58)	31	55	HpD	5 mg/kg, IV	n/ab	230 J/cm2 (median)	14.3 newly diagnosed, 14.9 rGBM
Vanaclocha et al. (59)	20		Porfimer sodium or temoporfin	2 mg/kg, IV; 0.15 mg/kg, IV	630; 652	20–75	17 newly diagnosed

^aiPDT.

^bMultiple lasers used.

^cReference survival time for newly diagnosed GBM.

^dMean.

rGBM, recurrent GBM; HpD, hematoporphyrin derivative.