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. 2020 Jan 27;11:522. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14411-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Simulated long-term average (T&C) ecosystem-scale runoff (a) and water drainage at the bottom of the soil profile (b) for the 20 locations as a function of the local Gross Primary Production (GPP). Two scenarios are shown: VG soil hydraulic parameter (van Genuchten parameterization) derived from global maps and without soil structural effects and VG + SS soil hydraulic parameter derived from global map with soil structural effects. The red arrows indicate the magnitude of change after introducing soil structural effects.