Fig. 8. Real-time traces show the contractility and beat rate of 1 µM verapamil treated cardiomyocytes.
a Displacement of the cantilever owing to the contraction and relaxation of the 1 µM verapamil treated cardiomyocytes at a different time before and after drug washed out. b, c Displacement of the cantilever after treating the cardiomyocytes with 1 µM verapamil. d Relative contraction force generated by 1 µM verapamil treated cardiomyocytes at different drug treatment time. e, f Rise time, and decay time of the 1 µM verapamil treated cardiomyocytes. The rise time and decay time were analyzed and beat rate corrected with Fridericia’s formula (Rise time corrected (Rc) = R/interspike interval1/3) and (Decay time corrected (Dc) = D/interspike interval1/3), respectively. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 measures by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s honest significant difference test. Error bars are mean ± s.d.). (n = 5 biologically independent samples).