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. 2020 Jan 21;10:3086. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03086

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Copyright © 2020 Levin, Evans, Bort, Rickel, Lewis, Wu, Hoover, MacNeil, La, Wolfson, Rixon, Dillon, Kornacker, Swanson and Peng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immobilized, engineered ICOSL-Fc variants costimulate T cells when plated with sub-optimal anti-CD3. Human T cells were stimulated with a range of anti-CD3 concentrations and a constant concentration of coimmobilized ICOSL-Fc variants (40 nM). (A) CD4 and (B) CD8 T cell proliferation was monitored by CFSE dilution. Proliferation is reported as percentage of T cells divided vs. anti-CD3 concentration. (C) IFNγ production was measured by ELISA in supernatants collected at 72 h and plotted as pg/ml cytokine vs. anti-CD3 concentration. Each point represents the mean of triplicate determinations ±s.d.