Table 2.
Yeast bio-detection systems of heavy metals in environment (Table
modified from Jarque et al. (2016)
| Detected metal(s) | Receptor/gene | Detection | Level of detection (range mM) | Ligand | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | CUP1 | Amperometry | 0.11–500 | Copper | Lehmann et al. (2000) | |
| Colorimetry | 1 | Vopálenská et al. (2015) | ||||
| Fluorescence | 0.5 | Shetty et al. (2004) | ||||
| Luminescence | 0.5 | Roda et al. (2011) | ||||
| Cadmium | AtPCS1 | Fluorescence | 0.2 | Cadmium | Matsuura et al. (2013) | |
| Heavy metals | cAMP-PKA | Fluorescence | 12–45 | Radhika et al. (2005) | ||
AtPCS1 phytochelatin synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana, cAMP-PKA cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A