Table 3.

Clinical characteristics of patients with ACTH-producing paraganglioma published in the literature.

Authors	Age/gender	AM Cortisol (μg/dl)	ACTH (pg/ml)	Hypertension	Hyperglycemia	Hypokalemia	Catecholamine excess	Location	Clinical outcome
Apple et al. (4)	50/F	52	167	+	+	ND	ND	Right nasal sinuses	Recovery
Kitahara et al. (5)	12/F	107.1	13.6	+	+	−	+	Lung;	Died; malignant paraganglioma
Park et al. (6)	51/F	59	278	+	+	+	−	Anterior mediastinum	Died of mediastinitis
Lieberum et al. (7)	64/M	High, ND	95.6	+	+	+	−	Paranasal sinus	Recovery
Dahir et al. (8)	39/F	30.6	73.0	+	ND	ND	−	Mediastinum	Recovery
Otsuka et al. (9)	55/F	76.5	318.4	+	+	+	+	Retroperitoneum	Recovery
Willenberg et al. (10)	61/F	176.0	1078	+	+	+	+	Retroperitoneum	Died of pulmonary bleeding 6 months after operation
Palau et al. (11)	55/M	High, ND	High, ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	Mediastinum	Recovery
Fohr et al. (12)	23/M	38	287	+	+	ND	ND	Anterior mediastinum	Recovery
Thomas et al. (13)	70/F	74.4	273.0	+	+	+	−	Left paranasal sinus	Recovery
Serra et al. (14)	68/F	98.7	317.0	+	+	+	ND	Right nasal sinuses	Recovery
Chen et al. (15)	53/F	89.6	432.4	+	+	+	−	Retroperitoneum	Recovery
Kumar et al. (16)	46/F	94.6	312.0	+	+	ND	ND	Right nasal sinuses	Recovery
Tutal et al. (17)	40/F	61.1	679	+	+	+	−	Left kidney	Recovery
Li et al. (18)	39/M	37.68	151.50	+	ND	+	−	Thymus	Recovery
Present case	55/M	18.60	1.0	+	−	+	−	Retroperitoneum	Recovery

All are paraganglioma proved by immunohistochemistry. ACTH, adrenocorticotropin; F, female; M, male; ND, not documented.