Table 7.
Average daily exposure dose for carcinogenic elements through ingestion and dermal contact and their Hazard Quotients and Hazard Index for adults and children
| Study area | Metal concentrations in atmospheric deposits (mg/kg) | References | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe | Pb | Cu | Cd | Ni | Zn | ||
| Sfax solar saltern, Southern coastal area of Sfax, Tunisia | 7006.24–7856.45 | 8.64–344.45 | 9.33–298.67 | 0.16–85.24 | 6.02–150.02 | 12.23–624.57 | Present study |
| Kandy City, Sri Lanka | 770.80–43,922.50 | 30.30–772.10 | 25.50–347.70 | 6.50–386.50 | 8.90–306.40 | 136.90–3331.40 | Weerasundara et al. [47] |
| Kermanshah province, west part of Iran | 13,150.00–35,562.00 | . | 24.00–256.00 | . | 60.00–245.00 | 88.00–700.00 | Doabi et al. [55] |
| Yerevan, Armenia | . | 12.10–108.47 | 60.24–757.70 | 0.09–783.43 | 15.48–47.77 | 129.01–511.45 | Maghakyan et al. [40] |
| Nanjing, China | 34,200.00 | . | 123.00 | . | 55.90 | 394.00 | Hu et al. (2011) |
| Industrial area of Jordan | 12,100.00–15,500.00 | 47.9–66.20 | 63.1–129.20 | 4.46–12.24 | . | 499.20–713.10 | Jaradat et al. [86] |
| Eastern areas of Mazowieckie Province (three cities: Siedlce, Mińsk-Mazowiecki, and Sokoiow Podlaski), Poland | . | 12.80–13,381.00 | 9.90–8228.80 | 0.10–83.90 | 6.90–356.10 | 89.70–63,077.80 | Królak [87] |
| Madrid, Spain | 19,300.00 | . | 188.00 | . | 44.00 | 476.00 | De Miguel et al. (1997) |