TABLE 1.
Comparisons between control naps and naps with medium intensity stimulation.
|
Baseline |
Movement |
|||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | df1 | df2 | F | p | |
| Duration (min, n = 22) | 1 | 0.39 | 0.53 | |||||
| Initial N1 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 6 | 3.7 | 1 | 20 | 0.42 | 0.52 |
| Initial N2 | 20.6 | 9.9 | 19.4 | 8.5 | 1 | 21 | 2.03 | 0.17 |
| Sleep fragmentation (n = 22) | ||||||||
| #Stage changes | 19.8 | 10.2 | 17.8 | 8.9 | 1 | 18 | 1.0552 | 0.3176 |
| #Artifacts | 7.8 | 9.1 | 9 | 9.2 | 1 | 19 | 0.6753 | 0.4215 |
| Band Power (μV2, n = 19) | ||||||||
| δ | 143.9 | 75.3 | 142.7 | 83.3 | 1 | 14 | 0.00 | 0.95 |
| θ | 11.1 | 5.5 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 1 | 12 | 0.52 | 0.49 |
| α | 3.8 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 1 | 12 | 0.10 | 0.75 |
| σ | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 1 | 14 | 0.16 | 0.69 |
| β | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1 | 14 | 0.01 | 0.93 |
| Slow oscillations (n = 19) | ||||||||
| Slow oscillations (#) | 301.3 | 355.6 | 313.1 | 325.5 | 1 | 18 | 0.01 | 0.92 |
| Slow oscillation density (#/20 s) | 9.1 | 3.3 | 9.1 | 3.4 | 1 | 14 | 0.13 | 0.72 |
| Amplitude (μV) | 43.4 | 6.8 | 44.4 | 6.9 | 1 | 14 | 0.14 | 0.71 |
| Spindles (n = 20) and memory task performance (n = 18) | ||||||||
| Spindles (#) | 43.7 | 33.2 | 48.6 | 34.2 | 1 | 18 | 0.49 | 0.49 |
| Spindle density (#/20 s) | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1 | 18 | 0.80 | 0.38 |
| Immediate recall (IR) | 22.4 | 6.2 | 21.8 | 6.3 | 1 | 16 | 0.09 | 0.77 |
| Delayed recall (DR) | 30.0 | 6.2 | 30.1 | 6.3 | 1 | 17 | 0.04 | 0.85 |
| Performance improvement (DR-IR) | 7.6 | 3.2 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 1 | 16 | 0.41 | 0.53 |
| Initial acquisition rate (%) (IR/DR × 100) | 74.2 | 11.1 | 71.9 | 10.8 | 1 | 16 | 0.38 | 0.55 |
Sleep stage duration, sleep fragmentation, band power and slow oscillations during N3, and sleep spindles during stage N2 and N3, and memory task performance are reported. A linear mixed model with condition, measurement time and their interaction as fixed factors and participant as random factor was applied. Df1, df2, F and p of the main effect of condition are reported. Bold numbers indicate significant effects of condition (p < 0.05). No significant interaction effects were present.