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. 2020 Jan 21;10:3134. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03134

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Copyright © 2020 Smith, Paul, McGee, Sinniah, Flom, Jackson-Humbles, Harkema and Racicot.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mouse model of chronic heightened stress hormone during pregnancy. (A) Schematic representation of maternal corticosterone (CORT) treatment during pregnancy. Male and female mice were housed together overnight; females with a copulation plug were identified and this was considered embryonic day E 0.5. Pregnant females began oral treatment with 50 μg/mL CORT or vehicle in drinking water at E12.5 until the end of pregnancy on E19.5. Blood was collected from CORT and vehicle-treated dams (B) and fetuses of CORT and vehicle-treated dams (C) at 7:30 p.m. on E17.5 and CORT concentrations were analyzed using ELISA. Circulating CORT concentrations reported as nmol/L in serum. (D) Maternal treatment did not affect birth outcomes including length of gestation, number of pups, or weights of placentas or pups (*p < 0.05, n = 5–7).