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. 2020 Jan 21;10:1633. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01633

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Copyright © 2020 Tran, Taberner, Loiselle and Han.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of increased contractility. Average regression lines from trabeculae in the Control group (continuous lines) and those in the Isoproterenol group (broken lines) undergoing preloaded isometric contractions and afterloaded work-loop contractions at L_o are shown in each panel. The asterisk in panel (A) indicates a statistically significant difference between the regression lines. The asterisks in panel (B) signify effects of isoproterenol on the heat-intercepts as well as on the peak active stress and muscle heat output. Standard errors of means at peak values are superimposed in all panels. The insets depict regression lines fitted to the data from a representative Control trabecula where open circles denote isometric contractions and filled circles denote work-loop contractions at L_o.