Fig. 3.
Cardiorespiratory responses to intralaryngeal application of hydrochloric acid solution before and after laryngeal LA pretreatment. A: typical recordings in an anesthetized and spontaneously breathing pup. Traces from top to bottom are tidal volume (VT), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and heart rate (HR). B: corresponding group data of expiratory duration (TE), mean ABP (MABP), and HR. Responses of apnea, hypertension, and bradycardia to HCl are significantly reduced by intralaryngeal LA pretreatment. Mean values are presented as square symbols in the boxes; n = 10. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with saline.