Fig. 4.
Effects of laryngeal liquiritin apioside (LA) pretreatment on the cardiorespiratory response to distilled water. A: typical recordings in an anesthetized and spontaneously breathing pup. Traces from top to bottom are tidal volume (VT), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and heart rate (HR). B: corresponding group data of expiratory duration (TE), mean ABP (MABP), and HR. Responses of apnea, hypertension, and bradycardia to distilled water are significantly reduced by intralaryngeal LA pretreatment: n = 10. Mean values are presented as square symbols in the boxes. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with saline.