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. 2019 Oct 16;318(1):L27–L40. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2019

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

Episodic hypercapnic stimulation further increases active expiration in heart failure (HF) rats. A: representative traces of one breathing cycle pre- (continuous traces) and post- (segmented traces)-episodic hypercapnic stimulation (EHS) in 1 Sham+Veh rat, 1 Sham+SSP-SAP-treated rat, 1 HF+Veh rat, and 1 HF+SSP-SAP-treated rat. In HF rats, the early expiratory flow (E1) was reduced, whereas the late expiratory flow (E2) was increased compared with Sham rats. B: summary data showing E2/E1 ratio. C: summary of expiratory time obtained in 20 consecutive respiratory cycles in all groups, pre- and post-EHS. Box and whiskers represent median ± range. Two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis of Holm-Sidak; n = 6 rats per group. *P < 0.05 vs. Sham+Veh; +P < 0.05 vs. Sham+SSP-SAP; †P < 0.05 vs. HF+SSP-SAP; @P < 0.05 vs. HF+Veh post-EHS.