Table 1.
Baseline and early characteristics of the study participants
| BBG-01 group | Placebo group | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants (male/female) | 17 (6/15) | 18 (7/10) |
| Gestational age, weeks | 28.1±3.1 | 28.2±3.3 |
| Birth weight, g (ELBWI:LBWI, n) | 1,049±302 (8:9) | 1,002±289 (9:9) |
| Cesarean delivery | 14 (82.3%) | 15 (83.3%) |
| 5-min Apgar score <6* | 6.4±1.6 | 4.7±1.9 |
| Artificial ventilation | 14 (82.3%) | 16 (88.8%) |
| Duration of ventilation, days* | 11.9±14.1 | 30.7±21.1 |
| Intrauterine infection | ||
| Chorioamnionitis | 3 (17.6%) | 5 (27.8%) |
| PROM >24 h | 4 (23.5%) | 2 (11.1%) |
| IgM >10 | 1 (5.9%) | 0 (0%) |
| Antibiotics | ||
| Antibiotics in newborns | Ampicillin + amikacin | Ampicillin + amikacin |
| Early nutrition characteristics | ||
| Parenteral nutrition started | Within a few hours after birth in all | Within a few hours after birth in all |
| Enteral feeding started | Trophic feeding on 1st day in all | Trophic feeding on 1st day in all |
| Type of milk received | ||
| Breast milk plus formula, mixed, n (% of all infants) | 3 (17.6%) | 4 (22.2%) |
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 14 (82.4%) | 13 (72.2%) |
| Fortification | ||
| Added breast milk fortifier started, day of life | 12.9±4.5 | 13.9±3.2 |
| Added MCT oil started, day of life | 10.5±4.0 | 11.4±3.8 |
Values are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD unless stated otherwise. ELBWI, extremely-low-birth-weight infant; IgM, immunoglobulin M; LBWI, low-birth-weight infant; MCT, medium-chain triglyceride; PROM, premature rupture of membranes; SD, standard deviation. * Significant difference (p > 0.05).