Table 3.

Studies included in systematic review of the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in African food animals and animal food products by region, country, and animal species, 1953–2016.

Pathogen	Region	Country	No. of studies	Animal type investigated	References
Campylobacter	Central Africa	Cameroon	2	Chicken	(Garin et al., 2012, Nzouankeu et al., 2010)
		Democratic Republic of Congo	1	Goat	(a Mpalang et al., 2014)
		TOTAL	3
	Eastern Africa	Ethiopia	6	Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Chanyalew et al., 2013, Dadi and Asrat, 2008, Ewnetu and Mihret, 2010, Kassa et al., 2007, Nigatu et al., 2015, Woldemariam et al., 2009)
		Kenya	2	Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Osano and Arimi, 1999, Turkson et al., 1988)
		Madagascar	1	Poultry	(Garin et al., 2012)
		Mozambique	1	Cattle	(Acha et al., 2004)
		Tanzania	11	Camel, Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Jacob et al., 2011, Jiwa et al., 1994, Kashoma et al., 2016, Kashoma et al., 2015, Komba et al., 2014, Kusiluka et al., 2005, Mdegela et al., 2011, Mdegela et al., 2007, Mdegela et al., 2006, Nonga and Muhairwa, 2010, Nonga et al., 2010)
		TOTAL	21
	Northern Africa	Algeria	1	Poultry	(Messad et al., 2014)
		Egypt	17	Buffalo, Cattle, Goat, Poultry, Sheep	(Abd el-Aziz et al., 2002, Ali and Ouf, 2005, Awadallah et al., 2014, El-Gamal Galal et al., 1992, El-Jakee et al., 2015, El-Shibiny et al., 2012, El-Tras et al., 2015, Hassanain, 2011, Khadr et al., 2006, Khalafalla, 1990, Khalafalla et al., 2015, Khalifa et al., 2013, Nassar and El-Ela, 2000, Omara et al., 2015, Rady et al., 2011, Ramadan et al., 2015, Samaha et al., 2012)
		TOTAL	18
	Southern Africa	South Africa	11	Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Bester and Essack, 2012, Cooper et al., 2001, Jonker and Picard, 2010, Mabote et al., 2011, Montwedi and Ateba, 2012, Richardson and Koornhof, 1979, Uaboi-Egbenni et al., 2010, Uaboi-Egbenni et al., 2011a, Uaboi-Egbenni et al., 2011b, Uaboi-Egbenni et al., 2012, van Nierop et al., 2005)
		TOTAL	11
	Western Africa	Cote d'Ivoire	2	Poultry	(Gblossi Bernadette et al., 2012, Goualie et al., 2007)
		Ghana	2	Goat, Pig, Poultry	(Abrahams et al., 1990, Sackey et al., 2001)
		Nigeria	14	Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Adekeye et al., 1989, Akwuobu et al., 2010, Elegbe, 1983, Elegbe et al., 1987, Ngulukun et al., 2011, Ngulukun et al., 2010, Ofukwu et al., 2008, Okunlade et al., 2015, Olubunmi and Adeniran, 1986, Raji et al., 2000, Salihu et al., 2009a, Salihu et al., 2012, Salihu et al., 2009b, Uaboi-Egbenni et al., 2008)
		Senegal	4	Poultry	(Cardinale et al., 2003a, Cardinale et al., 2003b, Cardinale et al., 2006, Garin et al., 2012)
		TOTAL	22
Salmonella	Central Africa	Cameroon	2	Cattle, Pig, Poultry	(Akoachere et al., 2009, Nzouankeu et al., 2010)
		Democratic Republic of Congo	1	Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Mahangaiko et al., 2015)
		TOTAL	3
	Eastern Africa	Ethiopia	28	Camel, Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Abebe and Tafese, 2014, Addis et al., 2011, Alemayehu et al., 2003, Alemu and Zewde, 2012, Aragaw et al., 2007, Aragaw et al., 2010, Ashenafi, 1994, Bekele and Ashenafi, 2010, Beshatu et al., 2015, Dabassa, 2013, Dabassa and Bacha, 2012, Eguale et al., 2016, Ejeta et al., 2004, Garedew et al., 2015, Gebeyehu et al., 2013, Molla et al., 2006a, Molla et al., 1999, ,Molla and Mesfin, 2003,Molla et al., 2004, Molla et al., 2006b, Muluneh and Kibret, 2015, Nyeleti et al., 2000, Sibhat et al., 2011, Teklu and Negussie, 2011, Tibaijuka et al., 2002, Woldemariam et al., 2005, Yizengaw, 2015, Molla et al., 2003)
		Kenya	3	Cattle, Pig, Poultry	(Gitter and Brand, 1970, Kikuvi et al., 2007, Wesonga et al., 2010)
		Mauritius	1	Poultry	(Phagoo and Neetoo, 2015)
		Mozambique	1	Cattle	(Acha et al., 2004)
		Rhodesia	1	Cattle	(Chambers, 1977)
		Rwanda	1	Cattle	(Niyonzima et al., 2016)
		Tanzania	4	Cattle, Goat, Poultry	(Hummel, 1974, Kusiluka et al., 2005, Mdegela et al., 2000, Otaru et al., 1990)
		Uganda	1	Pig	(Ikwap et al., 2014)
		Zambia	4	Cattle, Pig, Poultry	(Hang'ombe et al., 1999, Isogai et al., 2005, Kuroda et al., 2013, Ngoma et al., 1996)
		Zimbabwe	1	Poultry	(Gopo and Banda, 1997)
		TOTAL	45
	Northern Africa	Algeria	5	Cattle, Poultry, Sheep	(Akam et al., 2004, Ammar et al., 2010, Guergueb et al., 2014, Mezali and Hamdi, 2012, Nouichi and Hamdi, 2009)
		Egypt	59	Buffalo, Camel, Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Abd el-Aziz et al., 2002, Abd El-Ghany et al., 2012, Abd-Elghany et al., 2015, Abdel-Maksoud et al., 2015, Abou El Hassan, 1996, ,Ahmed and Shimamoto, 2014,Ahmed et al., 2016, Ahmed et al., 2014, Al-Hazmi et al., 2013, Ali and Ouf, 2005, Aliaa et al., 2014, Amal et al., 2014, Amin and El-Rahman, 2015, Ammar et al., 2009, Eisa and Mohamed, 2004, Eissa et al., 2014, El-Gamal and El-Bahi, 2016, El-Naker et al., 2008, El-Tras et al., 2010, Elmossalami and Yassein, 1994, Farrag et al., 1954, Farrag and El-Afify, 1956, Farrag et al., 1962, Floyd et al., 1953, Gharieb et al., 2015, Ghoneim et al., 2015, Hamada et al., 1963, Hassb-Elnaby et al., 2011, Ibrahim, 2016, Khalafalla et al., 2015, Lotfi and Kamel, 1964b, Mahmoud and Hamouda, 2006, Mira and Eskandar, 2007, Moawad et al., 2013, Mohamed et al., 2014, Mohamed and Dapgh, 2007, Mousa et al., 1993, Moussa et al., 2013, Moussa et al., 2014, Nabawy et al., 2016, Nassar and El-Ela, 2000, Nawar and Khedr, 2014, Nossair et al., 2015, Osman et al., 2014a, Osman et al., 2014b, Osman et al., 2014c, Osman et al., 2010, Ouf, 2004, Rady et al., 2011, Randa et al., 2014, Refai et al., 1984, Sallam et al., 2014, Samaha et al., 2011, Samaha et al., 2012, Scharawe et al., 2009, Shaltout and Abdel-Aziz, 2004, Zahran and El-Behiry, 2014, Samaha et al., 2002, Lotfi and Kamel, 1964a)
		Morocco	6	Cattle, Poultry, Sheep	(Abdellah et al., 2008, Amara et al., 1994, Bouchrif et al., 2009, Cohen et al., 2007, Cohen et al., 2006, Khallaf et al., 2014)
		Sudan	7	Camel, Cattle, Goat, Poultry, Sheep	(Hag Elsafi et al., 2009, Ibrahim, 1974, Khan, 1970a, Khan, 1970c, Khan, 1970b, Mohammed et al., 2003, Yagoub and Mohamed, 1987)
		Tunisia	2	Cattle, Poultry, Sheep	(Abbassi-Ghozzi et al., 2012, Oueslati et al., 2016)
		TOTAL	78
	Southern Africa	Botswana	5	Cattle, Poultry	(Gaedirelwe and Sebunya, 2008, Gashe and Mpuchane, 2000, Kapondorah and Sebunya, 2007, Miller, 1971, Motsoela et al., 2002)
		Namibia	1	Cattle	(Shilangale et al., 2015)
		South Africa	10	Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Iwu et al., 2016, Madoroba et al., 2016, Mathole et al., 2017, Nyamakwere et al., 2016, Prior and Badenhorst, 1974, Richardson et al., 1968, Tanih et al., 2015, van Nierop et al., 2005, Zishiri et al., 2016, Meara et al., 1977)
		TOTAL	16
	Western Africa	Benin	2	Pig, Poultry	(Boko et al., 2013, Kpodekon et al., 2013)
		Burkina Faso	4	Cattle, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Bawa et al., 2015, Kagambèga et al., 2012, Kagambèga et al., 2011, Kagambèga et al., 2013)
		Cote d'Ivoire	1	Poultry	(Rene et al., 2014)
		Gambia, The	1	Goat, Poultry, Sheep	(Dione et al., 2011)
		Ghana	2	Cattle, Poultry	(Hughes et al., 2015, Sackey et al., 2001)
		Nigeria	30	Camel, Cattle, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Sheep	(Adesiji et al., 2011, Adesiyun and Oni, 1989, Adeyanju and Ishola, 2014, Adu-Gyamfi et al., 2012, Ajayi and Egbebi, 2011, Alao et al., 2012, Bata et al., 2016, Collard and Sen, 1956, Daniyan, 2011, Elegbe, 1983, Falade and Ehizokhale, 1981, Fashae et al., 2010, Iroha et al., 2011, Jajere et al., 2015, Kwaga, 1985, Nwachukwu et al., 2010, Oboegbulem and Muogbo, 1981, Ola Ojo, 1974, Olatoye, 2011, Olayemi et al., 1979, Oluyege and Ojo-Bola, 2015, Onyekaba and Njoku, 1986, Orji et al., 2005, Raufu et al., 2013, Raufu et al., 2009, Sen and Collard, 1957b, Sen and Collard, 1957a, Smith et al., 2016, Smith et al., 2009, Tafida et al., 2013)
		Senegal	5	Cattle, Poultry	(Bada-Alambedji et al., 2006, Cardinale et al., 2003b, Dione et al., 2009, Missohou et al., 2009, Stevens et al., 2006)
		TOTAL	45