Table 1.
Patient characteristics in flow-cytometry analyses and immunohistochemistry results of phagocytic receptor expression of alveolar macrophages
| Control never-smokers | Control ex-smokers | COPD ex-smokers | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (n) | 11 | 9 | 11 |
| Men/women | 1/10 | 7/2*** | 11/0**** |
| Age | 72 (64.0–77.0) | 75 (65.5–77.5) | 67 (64.0–73.0) |
| Smoking (pack-years) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 33.0 (18.3–49.1)** | 43.0 (30.0–68.8)**** |
| Duration of smoking cessation (months) | NA | 48.0 (2.0–168.0) | 12.0 (2.0–120.0) |
| FVC (%pred) | 100.7 (94.1–123.5) | 95.2 (86.7–106.9) | 112.0 (101.5–123.3) |
| FEV1 (%pred) | 104.7 (98.6–119.4) | 90.5 (83.0–94.7) | 78.7 (66.8–93.4)*** |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 80.7 (74.9–85.2) | 76.3 (73.5–78.7) | 62.6 (54.0–64.7)****†† |
| LAA score | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 5 (4–9) ***††† |
| GOLD Grade (1/2/3/4) | NA | NA | 5/6/0/0 |
| Exacerbations per year | NA | NA | 0 |
| Treatment | |||
| LABA | NA | NA | 1 |
| LAMA | NA | NA | 5 |
| LABA/LAMA | NA | NA | 0 |
| ICS | NA | NA | 0 |
| ICS/LABA | NA | NA | 0 |
| ICS/LABA/LAMA | NA | NA | 0 |
| Theophylline | NA | NA | 0 |
| Viable cell number per gram tissuea | 7.4 × 106 (4.9 × 106–1.3 × 107) | 1.1 × 107 (7.5 × 106–2.3 × 107) | 1.1 × 107 (8.8 × 106–1.9 × 107) |
| Viability (%)b | 88 (83–91) | 90 (85–92) | 88 (85–92) |
Data are presented as the median (with interquartile ranges). Data were analysed with Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test or Mann-Whitney test
aViable cell number per gram tissue, the number of whole viable cells that were collected from 1 gram of lung tissues
bViability was evaluated with trypan blue staining
**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 compared with control never-smokers; ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001 compared with control ex-smokers
FVC forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEV1%pred % predicted values of FEV1; LAA, low attenuation area; GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; LABA long-acting β agonists; LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonists; ICS inhaled corticosteroids; NA not applicable