Table 2.
Key points of methodology used for detection of deletions in pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 genes
| Authors | Were samples positive to reference diagnosis method? | Has used RDT fulfilled WHO requirements? Targeted malarial antigens | PCR-amplified pfhrp | Exon 1 | Exon 2 | Across exons 1–2 | Flanking regions | Was DNA quality of PCR-negative for HRP2/3 verified? | Laboratory strains used as control? | Elimination of low parasitemia from analysis? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koita et al. [26] | Yes (microscopy) | Yes (ParaSight F), PfHRP2 | pfhrp2 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes (msp1) | No | No |
| Wurtz et al. [27] | Yes (microscopy + real time PCR) | Yes (Palutop+4®), PfHRP2, PvLDH and pan LDH | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes (independent further amplification of PfHRP-negative samples) | No | No |
| Amoah et al. [28] | Yes (microscopy) | Not applicable | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes (msp2 and glurp) | 3D7, Dd2, HB3 | No |
| Beshir et al. [29] | Yes (microscopy + real time PCR) | Yes (SD Bioline® Pf Ag), PfHRP2 | pfhrp2 and 3 | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes (pfhrp3 and Pf Beta tubulin) | No | Not applicable |
| Gupta et al. [30] | Yes (real time PCR) | Not applicable | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes (pfk13, pfmdr1, pfcrt) | 3D7, Dd2, HB3 | No |
| Kozycki et al. [31] | Yes (microscopy + 18sRNA qPCR) | Yes (SD Bioline® Pf/Pan Ag), PfFHRP2 and pan-pLDH | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes (msp 1 and 2) | No | Yes (qPCR) |
| Menegon et al. [32] | Yes (microscopy + 18sRNA qPCR) | Yes (SD Bioline® Pf Ag), PfHRP2 | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes (pfk13) | 3D7 | Not applicable |
| Parr et al. [33] | Yes (microscopy) | Yes (first response® Malaria), PfHRP2 and pLDH | pfhrp2 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes (18sRNA) | No | Not applicable |
| Ranadive et al. [34] | Yes (microscopy + qPCR) | Not specified | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not specified | Not specified | Yes |
| Berhane et al. [35] | Yes (microscopy) | Yes (care start pan LDH) | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes (msp 1, 2 and glurp) | No | No |
| Nderu et al. [36] | Yes (microscopy + 18sRNA qPCR) | Yes (care start HRP2/pLDH) | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes (msp1) | 3D7, Dd2, HB3 | Not applicable |
| Willie et al. [37] | Yes (PCR) | Yes (SD Bioline® Pf/Pv Ag), PfFHRP2 and pan-pLDH | pfhrp2 | Yes | Yes | No | No | Not specified | 3D7, Dd2, HB3 | Not applicable |
| Funwei et al. [38] | Yes (microscopy + PCR) | Yes (SD Bioline® Pf/Pv Ag), PfFHRP2 and pan-pLDH | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes (msp 1 and 2) | 3D7, Dd2, HB3 | Not applicable |
| Kobayashi et al. [39] | Yes (microscopy + PCR) | Yes (SD Bioline® Pf/Pv Ag), PfFHRP2 and pan-pLDH | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (msp 1, 2 and glurp) | 3D7, Dd2 | Not applicable |
| Mussa et al. [40] | Yes (microscopy) | ICT Test™ malaria Pf/Pv | pfhrp2 | No | Yes | No | No | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
| Thomson et al. [41] | Yes (microscopy + PCR) | Yes (ICT diagnostics and care start) | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | No | msp | Not specified | Yes |
| Kumar et al. [42] | Yes (microscopy) | Yes (para check and SD Bioline Pf), PfHRP2 | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (msp 1, 2 and glurp) | 3D7, Dd2 | Not applicable |
| Bharti et al. [43] | Yes (microscopy) | Yes (SD Bioline® Pf/Pv Ag), pfhrp2 and pan-pLDH | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (msp 1, 2 and 18sRNA) | 3D7, Dd2, HB3 | No |
| Pati et al. [44] | Yes (microscopy) | Yes (SD Bioline® Pf Ag), PfHRP2 | pfhrp2 and 3 | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes (msp 1 and 2) | Yes (but not specified) | No |
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; GLURP: glutamate-rich protein; HRP: histidine-rich protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MSP: merozoite surface protein; Pf: Plasmodium falciparum; pfcrt: P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter; pfk13: P. falciparum Kelch 13 gene; pfmdr 1: P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1; Pv: Plasmodium vivax; RNA: ribonucleic acid; SD: standard Diagnostics; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction WHO: World Health Organization