Table 1.
Free amino acids analysis treated with CNPs in BY-2 cells
| Retention time | Amino acid | Ctrl | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μM/g | |||||||
| 22.332 | l-Aspartic acid↑↓ | 0.267 ± 0.026 c | 0.399 ± 0.076 c | 0.584 ± 0.020 b | 0.762 ± 0.220 a | 0.701 ± 0.136 a | 0.542 ± 0.150 b |
| 25.499 | Hydroxy-l-proline | 2.240 ± 0.395 b | 1.904 ± 0.446 c | 2.646 ± 0.209 a | 1.450 ± 0.587 d | 2.559 ± 0.558 a | 1.787 ± 0.101 c |
| 29.211 | l-Threonine↑↓ | 0.869 ± 0.047 d | 1.075 ± 0.056 d | 1.334 ± 0.091 c | 1.750 ± 0.205 b | 1.993 ± 0.328 a | 1.412 ± 0.078 c |
| 31.352 | l-Serine↑↓ | 1.917 ± 0.034 d | 1.919 ± 0.242 d | 2.473 ± 0.163 c | 3.013 ± 0.235 a | 2.742 ± 0.714 b | 2.070 ± 0.266 e |
| 36.416 | l-Asparagine | 1.204 ± 0.097 c | 1.313 ± 0.137 c | 1.830 ± 0.126 b | 2.125 ± 0.066 a | 1.897 ± 0.431 b | 1.917 ± 0.880 b |
| 38.967 | l-Glutamic acid | 0.217 ± 0.070 c | 0.130 ± 0.042 d | 0.161 ± 0.024 d | 0.439 ± 0.242 b | 0.535 ± 0.040 a | 0.247 ± 0.129 c |
| 41.108 | Glutamine | 1.076 ± 0.137 c | 0.983 ± 0.293 c | 1.373 ± 0.032 b | 1.757 ± 0.206 a | 1.174 ± 0.409 c | 1.746 ± 0.147 a |
| 50.115 | l-Proline↑↓ | 0.360 ± 0.054 e | 0.603 ± 0.56 d | 1.099 ± 0.115 c | 1.612 ± 0.195 a | 1.740 ± 0.341 a | 1.408 ± 0.268 b |
| 51.567 | Glycine↑↓ | 1.345 ± 0.183 c | 1.304 ± 0.217 c | 1.690 ± 0.208 b | 2.186 ± 0.213 a | 2.210 ± 0.416 a | 1.651 ± 0.070 b |
| 53.265 | l-Alanine | 12.522 ± 1.002 a | 11.686 ± 1.326 b | 11.296 ± 0.313 b | 12.703 ± 0.721 a | 9.966 ± 1.176 c | 6.456 ± 0.258 d |
| 60.425 | l-Valine | 2.128 ± 0.098 c | 2.280 ± 0.249 c | 2.850 ± 0.124 b | 3.494 ± 0.182a | 3.629 ± 0.661 a | 2.341 ± 0.313 c |
| 68.309 | L-Methionine↑↓ | 0.326 ± 0.075 e | 0.496 ± 0.050 e | 0.664 ± 0.021 d | 0.767 ± 0.048 b | 0.802 ± 0.206 a | 0.710 ± 0.192 c |
| 70.909 | Cystathionine↑↓ | 0.904 ± 0.056 f | 1.284 ± 0.050 e | 1.663 ± 0.114 d | 2.362 ± 0.364 b | 2.697 ± 0.513 a | 1.882 ± 0.085 c |
| 72.709 | l-Isoleucine↑↓ | 2.134 ± 0.083 e | 2.625 ± 0.096 d | 3.486 ± 0.214 b | 3.954 ± 0.236 a | 4.152 ± 0.862 a | 3.185 ± 0.345 c |
| 73.825 | l-Leucine | 0.126 ± 0.076 a | 0.128 ± 0.049 a | 0.130 ± 0.022 a | 0.074 ± 0.012 c | 0.062 ± 0.014 c | 0.096 ± 0.003 b |
| 77.824 | N-Leucine↑↓ | 0.462 ± 0.057 e | 0.565 ± 0.009 d | 0.664 ± 0.065 c | 0.731 ± 0.031 b | 0.848 ± 0.145 a | 0.679 ± 0.137 c |
| 79.939 | l-Tyrosine↓ | 0.552 ± 0.165 a | 0.498 ± 0.168 b | 0.514 ± 0.045 b | 0.331 ± 0.007 c | 0.342 ± 0.110 c | 0.300 ± 0.111 c |
| 82.163 | β-Alanine↑↓ | 0.694 ± 0.047 e | 0.932 ± 0.070 d | 1.297 ± 0.101 c | 1.384 ± 0.094 b | 1.560 ± 0.221 a | 1.236 ± 0.246 c |
| 92.164 | γ-Amino-n-butyric acid | 8.992 ± 0.111 d | 8.365 ± 1.015 e | 9.282 ± 0.472 c | 10.189 ± 0.539 b | 11.736 ± 0.282 a | 5.954 ± 0.238 f |
| 104.221 | l-Lysine | 0.842 ± 0.049 e | 1.193 ± 0.170 d | 1.774 ± 0.193 b | 1.563 ± 0.850 c | 1.253 ± 0.136 d | 2.381 ± 0.208 a |
| 106.940 | 1-Methyl-l-histidine | 0.129 ± 0.023 c | 0.150 ± 0.046 b | 0.159 ± 0.025 b | 0.193 ± 0.034 a | 0.062 ± 0.008 d | 0.096 ± 0.057 d |
| 108.484 | l-Histidine↑↓ | 0.297 ± 0.020 e | 0.385 ± 0.038 d | 0.541 ± 0.028 c | 0.660 ± 0.036 b | 0.731 ± 0.121 a | 0.511 ± 0.007 c |
| 112.169 | 3-Methyl-l-histidine | 0.126 ± 0.011 d | 0.157 ± 0.038 c | 0.257 ± 0.023 b | 0.163 ± 0.011 c | 0.338 ± 0.062 a | 0.229 ± 0.014 b |
| 117.503 | l-Carnosine | 0.144 ± 0.025 b | 0.189 ± 0.043 a | 0.145 ± 0.096 b | 0.133 ± 0.005 b | 0.152 ± 0.042 b | 0.103 ± 0.022 c |
| 122.311 | l-Arginine↑↓ | 0.737 ± 0.058 d | 1.082 ± 0.178 c | 1.545 ± 0.114 b | 1.693 ± 0.073 a | 1.794 ± 0.390 a | 1.539 ± 0.371 b |
1:treated with 46.88 mM K+
2:treated with 46.88 mM K+ + 6.25 μg/mL CNPs
3:treated with 46.88 mM K+ + 31.25 μg/mL CNPs
4:treated with 46.88 mM K+ + 62.50 μg/mL CNPs
5:treated with46.88 mM K+ + 125.00 μg/mL CNPs
↑↓Arrows indicated the content of amino acid increased with the concentration of CNPs, and decreased at concentration of 125.00 μg/mL
The letters “a–e” represent significant difference between groups