Table 3.
Factors associated with P. vivax transmission in Kulon Progo District, Indonesia, 2018
| Variable | Total | P. vivax seropositive | Bivariate | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n | % (95% CI) | ORa (95% CI) | p | aORb (95% CI) | p | |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| ≤ 15 | 623 (6.8) | 80 | 12.9 (10.5–15.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 16–30 | 2108 (23.1) | 750 | 35.6 (33.6–37.6) | 4.6 (3.6–5.9) | 0.000 | 5.1 (3.9–6.6) | 0.000 |
| 31–45 | 2531 (27.7) | 1115 | 44.1 (42.1–46.0) | 6.5 (5.0–8.3) | 0.000 | 6.6 (5.1–8.7) | 0.000 |
| > 45 | 3880 (42.4) | 1836 | 47.3 (45.8–48.9) | 7.5 (5.9–9.7) | 0.000 | 7.7 (5.9–10.0) | 0.000 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Female | 5945 (65.0) | 2309 | 38.8 (37.6–40.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 3206 (35.0) | 1476 | 46.0 (44.3–47.8) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.000 | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 0.000 |
| Status | |||||||
| Accompanying | 1960 (21.4) | 895 | 45.7 (43.5–47.9) | 1 | |||
| Patients | 7191 (78.6) | 2889 | 40.2 (39.0–41.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.028 | ||
| Occupation | |||||||
| Non-forest goers | 2653 (29.0) | 1023 | 38.6 (36.7–40.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Forest goers | 2685 (29.4) | 1393 | 51.9 (50.0–53.8) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | 0.000 | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 0.012 |
| Unemployed | 3810 (41.6) | 1368 | 35.9 (34.4–37.4) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.011 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.446 |
| Survey time | |||||||
| Quarter 1 | 2324 (25.4) | 903 | 38.9 (36.9–40.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Quarter 2 | 2217 (24.2) | 1024 | 46.2 (44.1–48.3) | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 0.000 | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) | 0.000 |
| Quarter 3 | 2328 (25.4) | 930 | 40.0 (38.0–42.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.348 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.524 |
| Quarter 4 | 2283 (24.9) | 928 | 40.7 (38.6–42.7) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.196 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.799 |
| Bed net use | |||||||
| No | 6650 (72.7) | 2556 | 38.4 (37.3–39.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2502 (27.3) | 1229 | 49.1 (47.2–51.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 0.000 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 0.001 |
| Fever | |||||||
| No | 8640 (94.9) | 3604 | 41.7 (40.7–42.8) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 465 (5.1) | 164 | 35.3 (31.1–39.7) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.000 | ||
| Recent travel | |||||||
| No | 7681 (84.1) | 3171 | 41.3 (39.3–44.4) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1457 (15.9) | 609 | 41.8 (40.2–42.4) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.243 | ||
aBivariate OR adjusted by correlation at a health facility level
bMultivariable OR adjusted by other covariates with bivariate p value < 0.05, and correlation at a health facility level
Quarter 1: May–July 2017, Quarter 2: August–October 2017, Quarter 3: November 2017–January 2018, Quarter 4: February–April 2018