Table 2.
Daily levels and patterns of physical activity and sedentary time
| Characteristic | Sedentary time (%) | p-value | Light activity (%) | p-value | MVPA (%) | p-value | Vector Magnitude (CPM) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Asian (participants: 202; time-points: 380; 2011 days) | Overall | 48.6 (47.6 to 49.7) | Ref | 42.2 (41.4 to 43.0) | Ref | 8.0 (7.6 to 8.6) | Ref | 1392.9 (1353.3 to 1432.4) | Ref |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Boys | 48.2 (46.8 to 49.5) | Ref | 41.8 (40.7 to 42.8) | Ref | 8.9 (8.2 to 9.7) | Ref | 1444.2 (1391.7 to 1496.6) | Ref | |
| Girls | 49.5 (48.2 to 50.8) | 0.18 | 42.3 (41.3 to 43.3) | 0.46 | 7.1 (6.6 to 7.7) | < 0.001 | 1330.3 (1279.8 to 1380.7) | 0.003 | |
| Age (y) | |||||||||
| 2 | 50.7 (48.8 to 52.5) | 41.7 (40.3 to 43.2) | 6.5 (5.8 to 7.3) | 1285.7 (1213.8 to 1357.5) | |||||
| 3 | 49.5 (48.4 to 50.5) | p-trend | 42.0 (41.1 to 42.8) | p-trend | 7.4 (7.0 to 7.9) | p-trend | 1351.2 (1311.3 to 1391.1) | p-trend | |
| 4 | 48.3 (47.1 to 49.4) | 0.036 | 42.2 (41.3 to 43.0) | 0.63 | 8.4 (7.9 to 9.0) | < 0.001 | 1416.8 (1375.0 to 1458.5) | 0.003 | |
| Area deprivation | |||||||||
| Most deprived 10% | 49.1 (48.0 to 50.2) | Ref | 41.9 (41.0 to 42.7) | Ref | 7.9 (7.4 to 8.4) | Ref | 1377.8 (1337.5 to 1418.1) | Ref | |
| > 10 to 30% | 47.6 (45.5 to 49.8) | 0.23 | 42.9 (41.3 to 44.6) | 0.24 | 8.2 (7.2 to 9.2) | 0.61 | 1418.8 (1338.3 to 1499.3) | 0.38 | |
| > 30% | 50.1 (46.0 to 54.2) | 0.65 | 41.6 (38.5 to 44.8) | 0.89 | 7.4 (5.9 to 9.3) | 0.60 | 1324.8 (1172.8 to 1476.9) | 0.51 | |
| Annual income (£) | |||||||||
| <£6999 | 47.9 (45.8 to 50.0) | Ref | 43.2 (41.4 to 45.0) | Ref | 7.9 (7.2 to 8.8) | Ref | 1389.2 (1320.6 to 1457.9) | Ref | |
| £7000 to £16,999 | 48.5 (46.9 to 50.1) | 0.71 | 42.1 (40.9 to 43.3) | 0.37 | 8.2 (7.5 to 9.0) | 0.62 | 1405.0 (1345.3 to 1464.6) | 0.76 | |
| ≥£17,000 | 51.5 (48.9 to 54.0) | 0.050 | 40.0 (38.0 to 42.0) | 0.032 | 7.1 (6.1 to 8.2) | 0.24 | 1323.2 (1229.2 to 1417.2) | 0.29 | |
| Weight status | |||||||||
| Underweight | 49.5 (45.7 to 53.3) | 0.72 | 41.1 (38.2 to 44.0) | 0.52 | 8.0 (6.3 to 10.1) | 0.89 | 1398.7 (1261.0 to 1536.4) | 0.84 | |
| Healthy weight | 48.8 (47.8 to 49.9) | Ref | 42.1 (41.3 to 42.9) | Ref | 7.9 (7.4 to 8.4) | Ref | 1384.3 (1345.3 to 1423.3) | Ref | |
| Overweight / obese | 49.0 (46.7 to 51.3) | 0.88 | 42.2 (40.4 to 44.0) | 0.95 | 7.9 (6.9 to 9.0) | 0.99 | 1367.9 (1284.2 to 1451.7) | 0.73 | |
| Type of day | |||||||||
| Weekday | 49.2 (48.3 to 50.2) | Ref | 42.0 (41.3 to 42.7) | Ref | 7.7 (7.3 to 8.1) | Ref | 1360.2 (1325.1 to 1395.3) | Ref | |
| Weekend | 47.7 (46.7 to 48.8) | < 0.001 | 42.3 (41.5 to 43.1) | 0.27 | 8.7 (8.2 to 9.3) | < 0.001 | 1452.2 (1412.7 to 1491.8) | < 0.001 | |
| Season | |||||||||
| Winter | 52.4 (50.6 to 54.2) | Ref | 39.4 (38.0 to 40.9) | Ref | 6.9 (6.2 to 7.8) | Ref | 1262.5 (1197.2 to 1327.8) | Ref | |
| Spring | 48.4 (46.5 to 50.4) | 0.002 | 42.1 (40.6 to 43.6) | 0.008 | 8.3 (7.4 to 9.3) | 0.025 | 1413.3 (1342.9 to 1483.6) | 0.001 | |
| Summer | 47.2 (45.5 to 48.8) | < 0.001 | 43.3 (42.0 to 44.6) | < 0.001 | 8.5 (7.7 to 9.4) | 0.004 | 1444.9 (1385.2 to 1504.6) | < 0.001 | |
| Autumn | 48.3 (47.0 to 49.6) | < 0.001 | 42.6 (41.6 to 43.6) | < 0.001 | 7.9 (7.3 to 8.5) | 0.051 | 1391.3 (1342.1 to 1440.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Birth weight | |||||||||
| Low | 49.7 (46.5 to 52.9) | 0.83 | 42.1 (39.6 to 44.6) | 0.86 | 7.3 (6.0 to 8.8) | 0.65 | 1315.1 (1195.7 to 1434.5) | 0.46 | |
| Normal | 49.3 (47.8 to 50.7) | Ref | 41.9 (40.7 to 43.0) | Ref | 7.6 (7.0 to 8.3) | Ref | 1366.4 (1312.8 to 1419.9) | Ref | |
| High | 46.7 (43.3 to 50.0) | 0.17 | 42.7 (40.4 to 45.1) | 0.51 | 9.6 (7.8 to 11.7) | 0.046 | 1510.1 (1371.1 to 1649.1) | 0.062 | |
| Maternal delivery age (y) | |||||||||
| < 25 | 47.7 (45.4 to 50.1) | Ref | 42.9 (41.1 to 44.8) | Ref | 8.2 (7.2 to 9.4) | Ref | 1414.6 (1328.1 to 1501.1) | Ref | |
| ≥25 to < 30 | 48.0 (46.5 to 49.5) | 0.87 | 42.4 (41.2 to 43.5) | 0.61 | 8.6 (7.9 to 9.4) | 0.60 | 1429.4 (1371.5 to 1487.3) | 0.78 | |
| ≥30 | 50.5 (48.8 to 52.2) | 0.069 | 41.3 (40.0 to 42.6) | 0.16 | 7.0 (6.4 to 7.7) | 0.057 | 1313.3 (1251.4 to 1375.2) | 0.071 | |
| White British (participants: 140; time-points: 220; days: 1170) | Overall | 49.8 (48.5 to 51.2) | 0.22 | 41.5 (40.4 to 42.5) | 0.28 | 7.5 (6.9 to 8.1) | 0.22 | 1349.5 (1297.7 to 1401.4) | 0.24 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Boys | 49.7 (48.0 to 51.4) | Ref | 41.0 (39.8 to 42.3) | Ref | 8.0 (7.2 to 8.9) | Ref | 1381.1 (1321.5 to 1440.7) | Ref | |
| Girls | 48.9 (47.0 to 50.7) | 0.55 | 42.6 (41.2 to 44.0) | 0.10 | 7.4 (6.6 to 8.3) | 0.28 | 1355.7 (1290.4 to 1421.1) | 0.59 | |
| Age (y) | |||||||||
| 2 | 52.8 (50.6 to 55.0) | 40.1 (38.5 to 41.8) | 6.0 (5.3 to 6.9) | 1217.7 (1141.3 to 1294.1) | |||||
| 3 | 49.9 (48.7 to 51.1) | 41.5 (40.6 to 42.4) | 7.4 (6.9 to 8.0) | 1344.4 (1301.1 to 1387.7) | |||||
| 4 | 47.0 (45.2 to 48.7) | < 0.001 | 42.9 (41.5 to 44.2) | 0.027 | 9.1 (8.1 to 10.2) | < 0.001 | 1471.1 (1408.5 to 1533.8) | < 0.001 | |
| Area deprivation | |||||||||
| Most deprived 10% | 49.4 (47.5 to 51.2) | Ref | 41.8 (40.4 to 43.2) | Ref | 7.7 (6.9 to 8.7) | Ref | 1365.5 (1300.2 to 1430.7) | Ref | |
| > 10 to 30% | 49.6 (47.4 to 51.7) | 0.91 | 41.7 (40.1 to 43.4) | 0.97 | 7.4 (6.5 to 8.5) | 0.69 | 1360.6 (1284.1 to 1437.0) | 0.93 | |
| > 30% | 48.9 (46.1 to 51.6) | 0.76 | 41.8 (39.7 to 43.9) | 0.99 | 8.2 (6.9 to 9.8) | 0.56 | 1391.3 (1294.5 to 1488.1) | 0.67 | |
| Annual income (£) | |||||||||
| <£6999 | 48.9 (46.6 to 51.1) | Ref | 42.2 (40.5 to 44.0) | Ref | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.7) | Ref | 1383.9 (1302.4 to 1465.5) | Ref | |
| £7000 to £16,999 | 50.0 (46.5 to 53.5) | 0.60 | 41.5 (38.9 to 44.1) | 0.65 | 7.3 (5.8 to 9.2) | 0.92 | 1337.3 (1213.3 to 1461.4) | 0.55 | |
| ≥£17,000 | 49.5 (47.5 to 51.5) | 0.70 | 41.4 (39.9 to 43.0) | 0.54 | 8.1 (7.1 to 9.3) | 0.47 | 1367.8 (1296.2 to 1439.4) | 0.79 | |
| Weight status | |||||||||
| Underweight | 51.3 (43.7 to 58.8) | 0.68 | 41.3 (35.6 to 46.9) | 0.94 | 5.7 (3.0 to 10.9) | 0.37 | 1254.6 (992.1 to 1517.1) | 0.45 | |
| Healthy weight | 49.7 (48.2 to 51.1) | Ref | 41.5 (40.4 to 42.6) | Ref | 7.7 (7.0 to 8.4) | Ref | 1357.2 (1306.5 to 1407.9) | Ref | |
| Overweight / obese | 48.2 (45.8 to 50.7) | 0.32 | 42.5 (40.7 to 44.4) | 0.34 | 8.0 (6.8 to 9.5) | 0.66 | 1413.1 (1325.4 to 1500.7) | 0.29 | |
| Type of day | |||||||||
| Weekday | 49.4 (48.2 to 50.6) | Ref | 41.9 (41.0 to 42.8) | Ref | 7.6 (7.0 to 8.2) | Ref | 1356.2 (1313.0 to 1399.4) | Ref | |
| Weekend | 49.2 (47.7 to 50.6) | 0.68 | 41.3 (40.2 to 42.4) | 0.17 | 8.3 (7.6 to 9.1) | < 0.001 | 1412.8 (1361.9 to 1463.6) | 0.002 | |
| Season | |||||||||
| Winter | 51.0 (49.0 to 53.0) | Ref | 40.6 (39.0 to 42.2) | Ref | 7.1 (6.2 to 8.1) | Ref | 1313.3 (1242.8 to 1383.9) | Ref | |
| Spring | 48.3 (46.3 to 50.3) | 0.039 | 42.2 (40.7 to 43.7) | 0.10 | 8.5 (7.5 to 9.6) | 0.034 | 1408.4 (1340.0 to 1476.9) | 0.034 | |
| Summer | 48.6 (46.5 to 50.8) | 0.098 | 42.9 (41.3 to 44.6) | 0.033 | 7.5 (6.6 to 8.6) | 0.54 | 1382.1 (1307.8 to 1456.4) | 0.16 | |
| Autumn | 49.4 (47.4 to 51.3) | 0.19 | 41.5 (40.0 to 43.0) | 0.35 | 7.8 (6.9 to 8.8) | 0.26 | 1370.6 (1303.0 to 1438.3) | 0.18 | |
| Birth weight | |||||||||
| Low | 49.5 (42.8 to 56.3) | 0.89 | 42.0 (37.0 to 47.0) | 0.81 | 6.8 (4.3 to 10.9) | 0.74 | 1356.2 (1114.7 to 1597.7) | 0.90 | |
| Normal | 50.0 (47.9 to 52.1) | Ref | 41.3 (39.8 to 42.9) | Ref | 7.4 (6.5 to 8.5) | Ref | 1340.0 (1263.2 to 1416.9) | Ref | |
| High | 48.5 (46.1 to 51.0) | 0.42 | 42.2 (40.4 to 43.9) | 0.53 | 8.2 (7.1 to 9.6) | 0.35 | 1403.6 (1311.6 to 1495.7) | 0.37 | |
| Maternal delivery age (y) | |||||||||
| < 25 | 48.0 (46.0 to 50.0) | Ref | 42.7 (41.2 to 44.1) | Ref | 8.3 (7.3 to 9.3) | Ref | 1425.6 (1357.3 to 1493.8) | Ref | |
| ≥25 to < 30 | 50.8 (48.5 to 53.1) | 0.068 | 40.3 (38.5 to 42.1) | 0.047 | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.6) | 0.26 | 1338.7 (1256.3 to 1421.1) | 0.12 | |
| ≥30 | 49.8 (47.5 to 52.1) | 0.24 | 41.8 (40.0 to 43.5) | 0.46 | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.6) | 0.30 | 1327.6 (1244.0 to 1411.2) | 0.086 | |
Statistical analyses performed on multiple (n = 60) imputed datasets using multilevel linear regression to account for clustering of days within time-points and children. Overall estimates are from analyses of the total sample with ethnic group modelled as an independent variable, p-values represent differences compared to the South Asian ethnic group. Otherwise all analyses were stratified by South Asian (202 children; 380 time-points; 2011 days) and white British (140 children; 220 time-points; 1170 days) ethnic groups. All factors were mutually adjusted for one another except area deprivation and annual income which occupied separate models. South Asian ethnicity includes Pakistani (n = 154), Bangladeshi (n = 21), Indian (n = 4), and ‘Other South Asian’ including country of origin unknown (n = 23). MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity