Table 1.

List of somatic cell types as a potential source for generating new β-cells

Cell type	Treatment/modification	Species	Reference
Hepatocytes	Overexpression of Pdx1, NeuroD1, Ngn-3, MafA/B	Mouse	[22–26]
Adult and fetal hepatocytes	Overexpression of PDX-1	Human	[27–29]
Enterocytes	Overexpression of Pdx1, Ngn-3, MafA - GLP1 treatment	Mouse	[30,31]
Enteroendocrine progenitors	Downregulation of FoxO1	Mouse	[32]
Enterocytes	Downregulation of FOXO1 - GLP1 treatment	Human	[31, 33]
Acinar cells	Overexpression of Pdx1, Ngn-3, MafA - treatment with cytokines, EGF or CNTF	Mouse	[34–37]
	Treatment with BMP-7	Human	[38]
Ductal cells	Transduction of Pdx1	Rat	[39]
	Treatment with cytokines	Mouse/human	[40]
α-cells	Overexpression of Pax4 - downregulation of Arx and Dnmt1 - treatment with alloxan, PDL, or acinar damage	Mouse	[41–46]
	Treatment with GABA, artemisinins	Mouse/human	[47, 48•]
	Overexpression of PDX-1 and MAFA	Human	[49, 50]