Table 1.
The Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Monotherapy in Patients with Brain Metastasis of Lung Cancer
| Trials | Drugs | Phase | N(ITT) | Disease | PD-L1 Status | CNS ORR | Median CNS PFS (Months) | Median PFS (Months) | Median OS (Months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KEYNOTE-001 | Pembrolizumab | I | 37 | NSCLC | ≥1% | 27% (10/37) | 2.8 | 3.7 | 12 |
| KEYNOTE-010 | Pembrolizumab | II–III | 28 | NSCLC | ≥1% | 64% (18/28) | 3.7 | 4.2 | 11.8 |
| NCT02085070 | Pembrolizumab | II | 39 | NSCLC | Any | 33% (13/39) | Not reported | Not reported | NR |
| KEYNOTE-021 | Pembrolizumab | I-II | 13 | NSCLC | Any | 54% (7/13) | Not reported | Not reported | 16.7 |
| KEYNOTE-024 | Pembrolizumab | III | 18 | NSCLC | ≥50% | 61% (11/18) | 3.3 | 3.9 | 30 |
| KEYNOTE-028 | Pembrolizumab | IB | 24 | NSCLC | ≥1% | 58% (14/24) | 1.9 | 2.2 | 11.3 |
| KEYNOTE 158 | Pembrolizumab | II | 11 | SCLC | Any | 55% (6/11) | 1.7 | 2 | 9.1 |
| CheckMate-017 | Nivolumab | III | 19 | NSCLC | ≥50% | 63% (12/19) | 2.9 | 3.5 | 9.2 |
| CheckMate-057 | Nivolumab | III | 26 | NSCLC | Any | 69% (18/26) | 1.8 | 2.3 | 12.2 |
| EAP in Italy | Nivolumab | NA | 42 | NSCLC | NA | 29% (12/42) | 2.8 | 5.5 | 6.5 |
| A retrospective study in Israel | Nivolumab | NA | 5 | NSCLC | NA | 40% (2/5) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| A meta-analysis from Checkmate 063, Checkmate 017 and Checkmate 057 | Nivolumab | NA | 46 | NSCLC | NA | 33% (15/46) | Not reported | Not reported | 8.4 |
| A multicenter, retrospective study from 9 different Galician centers | Nivolumab | NA | 42 | NSCLC | NA | 26% (11/42) | 5.1 | 4.8 | 12.9 |
| A retrospective study in 2 thoracic oncology centers in France | Nivolumab | NA | 43 | NSCLC | NA | 9% (4/43) | 3.9 | 2.8 | 7.5 |
| CheckMate-032 | Nivolumab | I-II | 20 | SCLC | Any | 35% (7/20) | 1.8 | 1.4 | 6.2 |
| FIR | Atezolizumab | II | 13 | NSCLC | ≥1% | 23% (3/13) | 3.5 | 4.3 | 6.3 |
| OAK | Atezolizumab | III | 38 | NSCLC | Any | 34% (13/38) | 3.1 | 4 | 13.8 |
| POPLAR | Atezolizumab | III | 27 | NSCLC | Any | 30% (8/27) | Not reported | Not reported | 12.6 |
| PCD4989g | Atezolizumab | I | 17 | SCLC | NA | 6% (1/17) | 1.9 | 1.5 | 5.9 |
| IMPower-133 | Atezolizumab | III | 27 | SCLC | NA | 41% (11/27) | 2.4 | 5.2 | 12.3 |
| A Subgroup Analysis of OAK Study | Atezolizumab | NA | 19 | SCLC | ≥1% | 26% (5/19) | Not reported | Not reported | 21.3 |
| PACIFIC | Durvalumab | III | 23 | NSCLC | Any | 30% (7/23) | 3.7 | 16.8 | NR |
| NCT01693562 | Durvalumab | I | 21 | SCLC | Any | 9.5% (2/21) | 1.5 | 2.3 | 4.8 |
Abbreviations: N, number; ITT, intention to treat; NA, not applicable; NR, not reached.