. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 28.

Published in final edited form as: Anal Biochem. 1992 May 1;202(2):316–330. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90112-k

TABLE 2.

Phase and Modulation Data for the Standard Fluorophores^a at 34.29 MHz

Compound	Method^b	Phase		Modulation
Compound	Method^b	θ (degrees)	τ_θ (ns)^c	m	τ_m (ns)^c
DMSS	FD	0.5	0.04	~1.0	0.04
	Cosine^d	⟨0.5⟩ ± 4.8	0 to 0.43	⟨1.0⟩ ± 0.1	0 to 2.25
	CCDFT^d	⟨0.5⟩ ± 0.5	0 to 0.08	⟨1.0⟩ ± 0.01	0 to 0.35
POPOP	FD	13.3	1.10	0.973	1.10
	Cosine	12.4 ± 4.6	1.02 ± 0.40	1.00 ± 0.10	0 to 2.22
	CCDFT	11.2 ± 0.1	0.92 ± 0.05	0.966 ± 0.003	1.15 ± 0.1^c
Perylene	FD	38.9	3.75	0.771	3.85
	Cosine	39.0 ± 3.4	3.76 ± 0.50	0.905 ± 0.080	2.18 ± 1.20
	CCDFT	37.9 ± 0.1	3.59 ± 0.10	0.767 ± 0.006	3.88 ± 0.2
9-CA	FD	64.8	9.90	0.412	10.31
	Cosine	64.3 ± 3.2	9.05 ± 1.40	0.506 ± 0.04	7.92 ± 0.85
	CCDFT	62.6 ± 0.3	8.81 ± 0.2	0.416 ± 0.004	10.93 ± 0.5

Excitation wavelength, 355 nm; Corning 3-75 emission filter; 25°C.

FD, standard frequency-domain measurements at 34.155 MHz; Cosine, fit of the averaged phase-sensitive intensities, measured at 34.29 MHz, to Eq. [1]; CCDFT, pixel-by-pixel values as calculated from the algorithm in Appendix 1.

See Table 1, footnote c.

The angle brackets indicate that these values were used as reference values.